would have access to the waters off French Polynesia 

 and other French Pacific territories. In addition the 

 French claim to Clipperton Island also gives them a 

 claim to Eastern Pacific grounds. Spain: Spanish 

 fishermen also appear to have access to adequate 

 grounds. The Spanish catch of tuna in the Indian 

 Ocean increased from 22,900 tons in 1984 to 38,500 

 tons in 1985 to 43,200 tons in 1986 to 57,700 tons in 

 1987 to 114,000 tons in 1988 to 125,000 tons in 

 1989.'" A small number of Spanish seiners operated 

 in the eastern Pacific during the 1980s and early 

 1990s, including one purse seiner, the Montedaro, 

 which sank in the area on July 14, 1993.'™ Several 

 of these vessels operated under joint venture contracts 

 with coastal countries, especially Ecuador. Cyprus: 

 One tuna purse seiner, the Isabel Tuna, fishes for 

 tuna in the Eastern tropical Pacific. The vessel was 

 formerly a Spanish vessel. It registered with the 

 Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (lATTC) 

 in 1991. 



the "loophole," is in international waters between the 

 Norwegian and Russian EEZs around the Svalbard. 

 Another "loophole" exists in the Barents Sea between 

 the Russian and the Norwegian EEZ. After being 

 expelled from the Svalbard, the vessels moved to the 

 Barents Sea loophole where they were joined by 4 

 additional vessels. The 6 vessels were identified as 

 registered in Belize, the Dominican Republic, and 

 St. Vincent. The vessels were unloading their 

 catches in Icelandic ports."" 



SOURCES 



Chile Pesquero, various issues. 



Council of the European Communities, General 

 Secretariat, Press Release, Brussels, March 15, 

 1983. 



E. REFLAGGING 



The authors have found several examples of West 

 Europeans involved in reflagging. There are, for 

 example, 8 vessels of unknown origin reflagged in 

 Honduras with names such as Ekawat Reefer 2, 

 Focus, Focus No. 101, Glory, La Paloma, Oriente 

 No. 7, Pilgrim, and Polestar. The La Paloma is a 

 4,358-GRT vessel and is registered as belonging to 

 Fortuna Unity Co. Ltd. The Glory is a 2,677-GRT 

 vessel registered as belonging to Greenbury Trading 

 Ltd. Three companies operate high-seas vessels out 

 of ports in South Africa, although the vessels are 

 registered in the Cayman Islands.'™ 



In 1993, 18 ex-Spanish vessels, 6-ex-French, 3 

 ex-Dutch, and 1 ex-UK vessels were reflagged under 

 Panamanian registry. In 1993, 31 reflagged vessels 

 were flying the flag of Cyprus, as compared to 3 

 vessels in 1992 and 1 vessel in 1991. Most of these 

 vessels were Russian or Polish, with several from the 

 Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and France (see 

 Cyprus, table 3). In 1993, Malta's registry included 

 33 reflagged vessels in its fleet, including 7 vessels 

 over 500-GRT. 



In August 1993, the Norwegian Ministry of 

 Fisheries reported that they had expelled two 

 Caribbean-registered fishing vessels from an 

 international area near the Svalbard. The area, called 



Court of Auditors Special Report no. 3/93 - The 

 implementation of the measures for the 

 restructuring, modernisation and adaption of the 

 capacities of fishing fleets in the Community as 

 reported in "Report highlights limited success of 

 1987-90 EC fleet restructuring grants," Eurofish 

 Report, June 17, 1993. 



Crosby, John. Minister of Fisheries and Oceans, 

 Canadian oral intervention. Responsible Fisheries 

 Conference, Cancun, Mexico, May 7, 1992. 



De Pasquale, P. REPORT: on fisheries agreements 

 benveen the Community and third countries, 

 drawn up on behalf of the Committee on 

 Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, European 

 Parliament, Working Documents, English 

 Edition, WB(VS1)4505E, Document A-160/86, 

 November 26, 1986. 



Eurofish Report, various issues. 



European Community, various Council Directives. 



Fishing News International, various issues. 



Folsom, William B. "Morocco-EC Fisheries 

 Agreement, " International Fisheries Report (IFR- 

 88/71), National Marine Fisheries Service, 

 NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce, July 



31 



