ENDNOTES 



1. The European Community (EC) was established on April 8, 1965 and became operational on July 1, 1967. 

 The EC currently has 12 member states: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, 

 Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Only Luxembourg does not have access 

 to a coastal area and thus does not engage in marine fishing. The European Community is also identified as the 

 European Economic Community (EEC); it is identified as EC in this report. 



2. Vessels over 500-GRT. EC member states also deploy many high-seas, or distant-water, vessels under 500- 

 GRT. 



3. The Treaty of Rome of 1958 established the European Economic Community. 



4. Council Directive of 4 October 1983 concerning certain measures to adjust capacity in the fisheries sector 

 (83/515/EEC), OfficialJoumal of the European Communities, No. L. 290/15, October 22, 1983. 



5. This was announced in Council Directive 83/515/EEC of October 1983 and later amended by Regulation 

 (EEC) No 4028/86. 



6. The early programs were designed to remove old, uneconomic vessels and to replace them with more 

 modem, efficient vessels. The European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF), for example, 

 was instrumental in reducing the size of the inshore fishing industry as part of a program to modernize the 

 fishing industry. Information, Commission of the European Communities, Com (75) 574, p-77. 



7. Vessels can be used to haul feed out to aquaculture pens, house crews, lift netting, etc. 



8. In our introduction the authors indicated that we would concentrate on high-seas fleets. However, in this 

 section we were required to deal with the entire fleet (small coastal vessels up to super trawlers). 

 Unforttmately, many of the policies affecting the size of the fleet were applied across the board. In order to 

 understand the development of the EC program to control the growth of the fleet it was necessary to investigate 

 the entire fleet, and not simply the high-seas fleet. 



9. The European Community's Fishery Policy, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 

 Periodical 1/1985, Luxembourg, 1985, p. 21. 



10. The European Community's Fishery Policy, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 

 Periodical 1/1985, Luxembourg, 1985, p. 21-22. Higher fuel prices were also making it difficult to operate 

 older, less efficient high-seas vessels. 



1 1 . One of the EC officials who helped craft and implement the CFP calls it a disastrous failure. He believes 

 it is a text-book case of the perils of trying to manage fisheries by modifying the increasingly accurate scientific 

 assessments as a result of conflicting political demands. Michael J. Holden, The Common Fisheries Policy: 

 Origin, Evaluation, and Future, (Buckland Foundation: Oxford, 1993), p. 320. 



12. Council Directive 83/515/EEC. 



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