ENfDNOTES 



1 . The Netherlands is one of the oldest European fishing nations. See: "HOLLAND: We fish in the name of God, " 

 Fish International, May-June, 1988, p. 7. 



2. Herring is sold fresh, marinated, pickled, salted, smoked, or soused. A Dutch favorite is "maatjes", a pickled 

 herring product. 



3. Seafood consumption in Holland has risen by 31 percent since 1970. Tom Wray, "Exports increase despite 

 supply fears," Seafood International, November 1991, p. 25. 



4. Tom Wray, "Exports increase despite supply fears," Seafood International, November 1991, p. 25 and "The 

 Netherlands: fish distribution and processing centre of Europe," World Fishing, June 1993, p. 5. 



5. See: William B. Folsom, "The Netherlands Fisheries, 1985-1989," International Fisheries Report, IFR-90/75, 

 National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., October 26, 1990, 

 BBH Corporation, "Exporting Seafood Products to Europe - Germany, the Benelux countries, and Spain," Seafood 

 Business Report, 1986, and "The Netherlands: fish distribution and processing centre of Europe," World Fishing, 

 June 1993, pp. 5-7. 



6. For an earlier description of the Dutch fishing fleet see: William B. Folsom, "The Netherlands Fisheries, 1985- 

 1989," International Fisheries Report, IFR-90/75, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of 

 Coimnerce, Washington, D.C., October 26, 1990. 



7. Richard Lord, "Down to the sea with the Dutch," Seafood Leader, Spring 1988, p. 189. 



8. "Dutch processor expresses flatfish fears," Seafood International, November 1991, p. 41. 



9. Richard Lord, "Down to the sea with the Dutch," Seafood Leader, Spring 1988, p. 189. 



10. Peter Hjul (Editor), The Stem Trawler, Fishing News (Books) Ltd, London, 1972, pp. 167-168. 



J 1. Peter Kramer, "Holland's mighty trawlers," Fishing News International, September 1981, pp. 40-41 and "More 

 new trawlers and carriers for Dutch fleet," Fishing News International, March 1982, p. 25. 



12. Robert Ford, "The Dutch Mackerel Fishery," International Fisheries Report, IFR 84/34, National Marine 

 Fisheries Service, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., May 4, 1984. The IFR reported 

 that Dutch exports to Nigeria increased from 37,000 tons in 1978 to 109,000 tons in 1982. 



13. The Netherlands identified the following high-seas vessels that would be authorized to fish off the coast of the 

 United States in 1984: Alida, Annie Hillina, Ariadne, Arctic, Astrid, Atlantic, Boeier, Caribil, Celtic, Cornells 

 Vrolijk, Dirk Dirk, Eer Sluis, Hendrika Johanna, Holland, Johanna Maria, Joint Forest, North Pole, Prins 

 Femhard, and Zeeland. 



14. "Danish plant freezes Dutch ship's fish," Fishing News International, April 1984, p. 11. 



15. The name Dirk Dirk was later used in the construction of a large vessel in the Federal Republic of Germany 

 by Dutch fishing interests. 



127 



