A special 10-year "transitory regime" between 

 Portugal and Spain was approved when Portugal and 

 Spain joined the EC. According to this agreement, 

 the following may operate within the Portuguese 12- 

 mile limit: 



 21 Spanish trawlers; only 1 1 ships may fish at any 

 given time. Species fished are mainly hake and 

 mackerel The same rules apply to Portuguese vessels 

 fishing in Spanish waters. 



 "Palangreiero" ships: Permission for 75 vessels to 

 operate north of Peniche, Portugal, and 15 vessels to 

 fish south of the port of Peniche. 



 Fishing for tuna is permitted by 70 Spanish vessels 

 from May to July of each year. 



Border agreements: Prior to joining the EC, Spain 

 and Portugal both signed border agreements designed 

 to control fishing in each other's waters. These 

 agreements include the Minho border agreement 

 (signed January 31, 1986) and the Guadiana border 

 agreement (signed December 12, 1986). The Minho 

 border agreement includes the following restrictions 

 on fishing by Spanish vessels within 12-miles of the 

 Portuguese coast: 



• traditional fishing: 26 Spanish vessels 



• "gamelas" fishing: unlimited number of vessels 



• sardine fishing: 10 Spanish vessels 

 The Guadiana border agreement permits: 



• net fishing: 7 Spanish vessels. 



• razor clam trawling: 14 Spanish vessels. 



• conch trawling: 10 Spanish vessels. 



With regard to the agreement for the Guadiana 

 river, fishing is allowed by 2 Spanish vessels and 

 conch fishing by 10 vessels (see table 3 for catch 

 statistics) 



7. Fleet Dispersal Plans 



Portugal is certain to return to the lucrative hake 

 fishing grounds off Namibia if the European 

 Community is able to negotiate an agreement with 

 that country in the next 1-2 years. Namibian waters 

 provided Portugal with a catch that reached 45,400 

 tons in 1987.^* Portuguese vessels are certain to 

 continue fishing in the NAFO area off Canada. 

 Portuguese catches in the NAFO region went from 

 59,800 tons in 1989 to 75,300 tons in 1991 and 

 included 13,357 tons of Atlantic cod." Fishing off 

 Spain, Morocco, Mauritania, and Guinea (Bissau) are 

 likely to continue as well as off the Svalbard Islands 

 off Norway. Portuguese vessels fished off the 

 Falkland Islands between 1987 and 1992 and 2 

 Portuguese vessels were licensed to fish those waters 

 in 1993. The Portuguese catch in the Falklands 

 amounted to only 1,500 tons in 1992 (appendix 29- 

 31). 



The authors are not certain of any future plans to 

 fish in any special waters, but it is possible that 

 Portuguese vessels may wish to return to fishing off 

 Senegal, Guinea (Conakry), Sierra Leone, and Cape 

 Verde in the future; harvests in these areas were 

 fairly small in recent years and it may not justify a 

 return to these areas. The U.S. Embassy in Lisbon 

 reports that EC Regulation (EC) 4828/86 and 

 Regulation (EC) 3944/90 stimulated the creation of 

 joint ventures during 1991 and 1992 and has resulted 

 in a number of projects being submitted in 1993. 

 This, the Embassy reports, has reopened access for 

 a number of Portuguese fishing companies to fish in 

 the EEZs of many African nations .^° 



The U.S. Embassy in Lisbon also noted that an 

 EC-Russia fisheries agreement could open the Barents 

 Sea to cod fishing by a number of EC vessels; 

 Portugal would support an EC effort to negotiate a 

 treaty with the Russians that would open the doors to 

 cod resources. '' The Embassy also notes that 

 Portugal would welcome Norway's joining the EC, 

 since access to Norwegian waters would likely be a 

 requirement for EC membership; Norwegian waters 

 have ample resources of cod and the Portuguese 

 would certainly appreciate the opportunity to fish in 

 those waters.'- There is also some indication that 

 the Portuguese are considering fishing opportunities 

 along the coast of Chile and Peru." 



134 



