ENDNOTES 



1. Spanish statistics listed 300 high-seas vessels in 1991 as compared to 219 vessels listed by Lloyd's Register of 

 Shipping Statistical Tables for vessels over 500-GRT. Spanish statistics include vessels in the 100- to 499-GRT 

 range. This is another example of the problem associated with using 500-GRT as a baseline for identifying high- 

 seas vessels. 



2. "Une flotte de quelque 13,000 bateaux," La Peche Maritime, January 1991, p. 41. 



3. Lord, Richard, "The Spanish Seafood Industry," Seafood Business, July-August 1991, p. 63., "World Fishing 

 Fleet: Spain," U.S. Embassy, Madrid, August 5, 1993, and La Agricultura, La Pesca y la Alimentacion Espanolas 

 en 1991 , Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion, Secretaria General Tecnica, Madrid, 1992. 



4. "World Fishing Fleet: Spain," U.S. Embassy, Madrid, August 5, 1993 reported the total fleet at 20,244 vessels 

 of 628,041-GRT in 1992. The Embassy noted that there were 85,156 fishermen enrolled in Spain in 1992. 



5. Lord, Richard, "The Spanish Seafood Industry," Seafood Business, July-August 1991, p. 63. 



6. Lloyd's Register of Shipping identifies 204 vessels (234,63 1-GRT) over 500-GRT in the Spanish fleet. The U.S. 

 Embassy in Madrid, reported 173 vessels (628,041-GRT) over 500-GRT in the Spanish fleet in 1992. The authors 

 are unable to explain the difference in the two sources. "World Fishing Fleet: Spain," U.S. Embassy, Madrid, 

 August 5, 1993. 



7. Spanish fishermen began fishing off the coast of Newfoundland beginning in 1540 and have a long history of 

 fishing in distant waters. Juan Carlos Arbex, Pescadores Espanoles, I, Secretaria General de Pesca Maritima, 

 Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca, y Alimentacion, Marid, 1990, p. 33. 



8. Peter Hjul, The Stern Trawler, Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London, 1972, p. 183 and Juan Carlos Arbex, 

 Pescadores Espanoles, 1, Secretaria General de Pesca Maritima, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca, y Alimentacion, 

 Marid, 1990, p. 237. 



9. Peter Hjul, The Stern Trawler, Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London, 1972, p. 183. 



10. Lord, Richard, "The Spanish Seafood Industry," Seafood Business, July-August 1991, p. 63. 



11. Lord, Richard, "The Spanish Seafood Industry," Seafood Business, July-August 1991, p. 64. 



12. Lord, Richard, "The Spanish Seafood Industry," Seafood Business, July-August 1991, p. 63. 



13. Spanish statistics report 302 high-seas vessels licensed to fish in distant waters in 1991. 



14. "We are the market," Fishing News, July 20, 1984, p. 8. Spain's EC partners refer to the Spanish fleet as "The 

 New Armada." 



15. Peter Hjul, The Stern Trawler, Fishing News (Books) Ltd., London, 1972, pp. 183-184. 



16. Leigh, Michael. European Integration and the Common Fisheries Policy, London: Croon Helm, 1983, p. 176. 



17. Leigh, Michael. European Integration and the Common Fisheries Policy, London: Croon Helm, 1983, p. 177. 



152 



