in 1992. Most of the Turkish marine harvest comes 

 from the Black Sea. An overview of the Turkish 

 fishing industry can be seen in tables 1-3. 



2. Fleet Background 



The capacity of the Turkish fishing fleet is, in 

 the words of Turkish authorities, "at the lowest level 

 among the Mediterranean countries."^ The fishing 

 fleet of approximately 8,000 vessels is mostly in the 

 1-GRT to 5-GRT range and most of these vessels are 

 equipped with motors. The vessels do not have on- 

 board freezing equipment.' None of the vessels are 

 suitable for deep-sea fishing." The Turkish fishing 

 fleet included about 36,600 small, wooden vessels 

 under 10 meters in 1984.^ A number of new wooden 

 vessels over 25 meters and built with steel hulls were 

 added to the fleet in the early to mid-1980s. Turkey 

 purchased a 997-GRT vessel in 1980 which appears 

 to have remained active in it's fisheries through 1992. 

 Another vessel, a 743-GRT craft, was active between 

 1984 and 1989. The authors have no further 

 information about either vessel. 



3. Modernization Programs 



The Turkish fishing fleet underwent a 

 modernization program in the mid-1980's, with most 

 of the small (under 10 meters) wooden boats being 

 replaced by larger (over 25 meters) wooden boats 

 with steel hulls.' This may explain why the Turkish 

 fishing fleet declined from 36,600 vessels in 1984 to 

 only 8,000 vessels a few years later. In 1987, the 

 Government of Turkey began studying a plan to 

 begin high-seas fishing under action plan number 

 124.' A Turkish fishing company purchased the 

 Papila I., a 997-GRT vessel, in 1980 and operated 

 this vessel through 1993. The vessel was built in 

 1979 and is listed as a factory trawler. A second 

 vessel (743-GRT) operated between 1984 and 1987. 

 The authors have no information about that vessel. 

 In 1993, the Turkish fleet included 12 vessels, 

 including the Papila I. The remaining vessels were 

 between 100-GRT and 500-GRT. 



4. Decommissioning Programs 



The authors are not aware 

 decommissioning programs in Turkey . 



of any 



5. Shipyards 



Turkish shipyards are able to build, maintain, 

 and repair wooden vessels and small steel-hulled 

 vessels. 



6. International Agreements 



Turkey borders on Greece, Bulgaria, Syria, Iraq, 

 Iran and Armenia. It shares maritime boundaries with 

 Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Georgia and Russia in 

 the Black Sea and Cyprus in the Mediterranean. 

 Turkey established a 200-mile Exclusive Economic 

 Zone (EEZ) in the Black Sea on December 5, 1986. 

 Turkey signed an agreement with the USSR in 1990 

 that provided for scientific, economic, and technical 

 cooperation. The agreement also permitted each 

 country to harvest surplus fish in the territorial waters 

 of the other country. The authors do not know if this 

 agreement has been continued by the newly 

 independent states in the region, but suspect that 

 Ukraine and Georgia would be the most interested in 

 negotiating fisheries accords with Turkey. 



7. Fleet Dispersal Plans 



The authors have no information regarding the 

 operation of Turkey's fishing fleet. 



SOURCES 



"Expansion potential for Turkish fishing industry," 

 Eurofish Report, April 13, 1989 



OECD, Review of Fisheries in OECD Member 

 Countries, Organization for Economic Co- 

 operation and Development, Paris, 1989. 



"Project proposal for developing the production 

 and export of fisheries," Department of 

 Externally Financed Projects, General 

 Directorate of Project and Implementation, 

 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Rural 

 Affairs, Ankara, August 1987 



Wray, Tom. "Turkey stocks develop," Fishing 

 News International, August 1988. 



252 



