FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 81. NO. 1 



Osteology 



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(Tables 3, 4; Figure 4) 



Although a few structures ossify in relatively 

 small L. schmidti larvae, a number of skeletal 

 elements do not calcify until the larvae trans- 

 form into juveniles. Other portions of the skele- 

 ton do not completely ossify until well into the 

 juvenile stage. The general sequence of ossifica- 

 tion is as follows: cleithrum; dentary and vomer- 

 ine teeth; pharyngeal teeth; parasphenoid, den- 

 tary, maxillary, vomer, premaxillary; most 

 other bones of the cranium; certain elements of 

 the caudal fin and, at or near transformation, 

 axial skeleton; dorsal, anal, and paired fins; and 

 gill rakers and secondary caudal fin rays. 



Teeth 



Teeth on the dentary and vomer begin to form 

 in 8 mm larvae (Table 3), increasing in number 

 as the larvae grow and doubling in number at 

 transformation. Dentary teeth appear to increase 

 in number with growth in transformed juveniles, 

 but vomerine teeth remain relatively constant in 

 number. In specimens about 12 mm long, one 

 pharyngeal tooth develops on each plate (Table 

 4); after transformation the teeth then increase 

 to three. Borodulina (1969) also reported three 

 teeth on the pharyngeal plate in adult L. schmidti. 

 Teeth on the glossohyal and palatine develop in 

 larvae 16-18 mm long (Table 3). Glossohyal teeth 

 disappear during transformation and are absent 

 in juveniles and adults: hence, the common name 

 "smoothtongue" for L. schmidti. A single palatine 

 tooth is present during the larval stage; the num- 

 ber of palatine teeth increases after transforma- 

 tion (Table 3). 



Skull 



The dentary, maxillary, parasphenoid, and 

 operculum begin to ossify in 14-15 mm larvae 

 (Table 3). In larvae 18-21 mm long, the premaxil- 

 lary, pre-, sub-, and interopercle bones, vomer, 

 symplectic, branchiostegal rays, and urohyal 

 begin ossifying in some larvae (Tables 3, 4). These 

 structures, however, are not consistently calci- 

 fied until larvae reach about 28 mm long (32 mm 

 for the urohyal). 



Certain bones of the olfactory, orbital, otic, and 

 oromandibular regions and much of the hyoid 

 arch begin to ossify in some larvae 24-26 mm 



30 



