FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 81, NO. 2 



S. queenslandicus 



 



_2£_ 



150 



FIGURE 6. — Distribution of Scomberomorus guttatus.S. koreanus,S. multiradiatus, S. semifasciatus, 



and S. queenslandicus. 



Scomberomorus, including species whose ranges 

 overlap those of S. niphonius, S. koreanus, and S. 

 sinensis. The first author cannot ascertain with cer- 

 tainty which of these two copepods, based on their 

 morphology, may be the more primitive, but the re- 

 duced specificity of C. pelamydis and the apparent 

 restriction of C. cybii to Indo- West Pacific Scom- 

 beromorus suggest C. pelamydis to be more primitive. 

 If true, this supports the indication of the primitive 

 nature of S. niphonius provided by the two species 

 of Pseudocycnoides. 



A single specimen of C. pelamydis has also been 

 collected by us from S. sinensis. This might be used to 

 argue thatS. commerson andS. niphonius arose from 

 a common ancestor, with S. niphonius now restricted 

 to the northwest Pacific (colder water) and S. com- 

 merson, together with other species, occupying the 

 more temperate and tropical waters. Scomberomorus 

 commerson and S. sinensis both have prominent dips 

 in the lateral line, but the dip is under the second dor- 

 sal finlets in the former species and under the first 

 dorsal fin in the latter species; this similarity may be 

 due to convergence rather than close relationships. 

 These three species (S. commerson, S. niphonius, and 



5. sinesis), S. cavalla, and S. queenslandicus all ap- 

 pear to be relatively primitive (Fig. 4). 



Grammatorcynus Gill 



Although included in the Scomberomorini by re- 

 cent works such as Collette (1979), the exact sys- 

 tematic position of this monotypic genus is in doubt 

 (Collette and Russo 1979), because it also shares 

 some characters with the Scombrini. It has the same 

 number of vertebrae as do the Scombrini (3 1), usual- 

 ly 13 precaudal plus 18 caudal. Its possession of an 

 extra, ventral lateral line is unique in the family. The 

 double-lined mackeral, G bicarinatus (Quoy and 

 Gaimard) is known from much of the tropical Indo- 

 West Pacific, particularly near coral reefs from the 

 Marshalls and Carolines, Philippine Islands, Aus- 

 tralia, and the East Indies east to the Red Sea. 

 Copepod fauna: 5 species in 2 genera, Shiinoa and 

 Caligus. Only one species of Caligus, C. asymmet- 

 ricus, is at all common on Grammatorcynus (14.9%). 

 This copepod has been found on nine scombrids in 

 the Indo- West Pacific and is perhaps more charac- 

 teristic of the Sardini {Cybiosarda elegans, Sarda 



238 



