We know of no data concerning swimming speeds of 

 the species examined, but an individual moving com- 

 pletely across one depth zone would cover 6-35 km in 

 southern and up to 20-90 km in northern Texas 

 coastal waters. 



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OVERSTREET, R. M., AND R. W. HEARD. 



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Peter F. Sheridan- 

 David L. Trimm 



Southeast Fisheries Center Galveston Laboratory- 

 National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA 

 4700 Avenue U 

 Galveston, TX 77550 



LIFE HISTORY OF SPLITTAIL 



(CYPRINIDAE: POGONICHTHYS 



MACROLEPIDOTUS) IN 



THE SACRAMENTO- SAN JOAQUIN 



ESTUARY' 



The Sacramento- San Joaquin estuary is the largest 

 on the west coast of North America. Because of its 

 comparatively young geologic age, <8,000 yr (At- 

 water 1979), its fish fauna is a mixture of native 

 freshwater and marine species, to which numerous 

 exotic species have been added in the past 100 yr 

 (Moyle 1976). The ranges of two extant species, the 

 delta smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus, and the split- 

 tail, Pogonichthys macrolepidotus, are restricted to 

 the estuary. Both species are abundant but their biol- 

 ogy is nevertheless poorly known, since most 

 fisheries research in the estuary has concentrated on 

 species of major economic importance, especially the 

 introduced striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Stevens 

 1980; Collins 1982). 



The fish communities of the estuary are changing, 

 however, as new species are introduced and as con- 

 ditions change in response to upstream water proj- 

 ects, water diversions, such as increased use of the 

 water for cooling power plants, and pollution. Given 

 the restricted ranges and habitats of these two 

 species (Moyle 1976), their abundance could decline 

 rapidly if environmental conditions become unfavor- 

 able for them, possibly making them candidates for 

 listing as threatened species. This paper is con- 

 cerned with the life history of the splittail, a species of 



'Contribution No. 351 from the New York State Museum, 

 Albany, N.Y. 



FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 81, NO. 3, 1983. 



647 



