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Roberta. Daniels 



New York State Museum 



Biological Survey 



Cultural Education Center, Room 3132 



Albany, NY 12230 



Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Biology 

 University of California 

 Davis, CA 95616 



Peter B. Moyle 



LIFE HISTORY AND EXPLOITATION OF 



MACROBRACHIUM FAUSTINUM IN 



A TROPICAL HIGH-GRADIENT RIVER 



Macrobrachium spp. are widely distributed in tropi- 

 cal freshwaters where they often support commercial 

 or artisanal fisheries (Holthuis and Rosa 1965; 

 Holthuis 1980). Studies of exploitedMacro&rac/u'um 

 stocks have been carried out in large, low-gradient 

 rivers in Liberia (Miller 1971), India (Rajyalakshmi 

 and Ranadhir 1969), and the Philippines (Rasalan et 

 al. 1969), but do not provide the bionomic informa- 

 tion necessary for a quantitative assessment of 

 the response of the stocks to exploitation. We know 



of no such study of a wild population of Macro- 

 brachium species. 

 Macrobrachium faustinum inhabits freshwaters 

 throughout the Caribbean area and in Florida (Chace 

 and Hobbs 1969). In Jamaica it is the most common, 

 eurytopic, freshwater shrimp, inhabiting both slow- 

 flowing rivers and marshes in low lying areas, and fast- 

 flowing streams in hilly regions (Hunte 1978). In the 

 former, M. faustinum supports trap fisheries; in the 

 latter it is fished either by hand or by turning over 

 stones and allowing the shrimps to be washed into 

 baskets. Although this fishery is pursued part time by 

 children and men after work, these and other shrimps 

 from small rivers are an important dietary compo- 

 nent in an area where protein is scarce and expensive. 

 In this paper we describe the bionomics of M. faus- 

 tinum in a high-gradient stream (Cane River, 

 Jamaica), and assess the effects of fishing on yield and 

 population fecundity. 



Description of Study Area 



Cane River (lat. 17°58'N, long. 76°44'W) flows into 

 the Caribbean Sea on an exposed south shore (Fig. 

 1). There is no protected bay at the river mouth, and 

 the estuary is small. Altitude at the source is about 

 650 m, total length about 10.2 km, overall mean width 

 2.3 m, and mean depth about 9.4 cm. The width and 

 depth vary markedly with seasonal rainfall. Cane 

 River is a characteristic high- gradient stream in 

 Jamaica. The water is clear and fast-flowing with a 

 high oxygen content and a rocky bottom devoid of 

 macrovegetation. Mean oxygen concentration along 

 the river was 8.5 mg/1, mean pH 7.3. Mean tempera- 

 ture at the extreme lower limit of the river was 25.4°C 

 with a mean daily range of 8.6° C and a mean seasonal 

 range of 4.2°C. Corresponding temperature values at 

 the extreme upper limits were overall mean 21.7°C, 

 mean daily range 3.7°C, and mean seasonal range 

 3.4°C. The river bed consisted of stones, pebbles, 

 gravel, sand, and mud over rock. 



Materials and Methods 



Shrimps were collected using a combined Surber 

 sampler (Moffett 1936; Surber 1936) and Box sampler 

 (Berg 1938). It consisted of a square frame of 0.25 m 2 

 with four legs protruding 5 cm below the frame and 

 40 cm above it. Net ( 1 mm square mesh) enclosed the 

 sampler on three sides. Flaps of net under all four 

 sides of the frame served as a seal between the frame 

 and the substrate. On the fourth (downstream) side, 

 there was a detachable collecting net 80 cm long with 

 a mouth 50 X 40 cm (1 mm square mesh). 



654 



FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 81, NO. 3, 1983. 



