Stillwell and Kohler: Food habits of Carcharhinus plumbeus off U S northeast coast 



149 



Hoese, D.H. 



1962 Sharks and rays of Virginia's seaside bays. Ches- 

 apeake Sci. 3:166-172. 

 Jennings, J.B. 



1972 Feeding, digestion and assimilation in animals, 

 2d ed. Pergamon Press, London, 244 p. 

 Jobling, M. 



1987 Influences of food particle size and dietary en- 

 ergy content on patterns of gastric evacuation in 

 fish: Test of a physiological model of gastric empty- 

 ing. J. Fish. Biol. 30(3):299-314. 

 Jones, B.C. 



1974 The rate of elimination of food from the stom- 

 achs of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), cod 

 (Gadus nwrhua), and whiting (Merlangius mer- 

 langus). J. Cons. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 35:225-243. 

 Jones, B.C., & G.H. Geen 



1977 Food and feeding of spiny dogfish {Squalus 

 acanthias) in British Columbia waters. J. Fish. Res. 

 Board Can. 34:2067-2078. 

 Kohler, N.E. 



1987. Aspects of the feeding ecology of the blue shark, 

 Prionace glauca, in the western North Atlantic. Ph.D. 

 diss., Univ. Rhode Island, Kingston, 163 p. 

 Lange, A.M.T. 



1982 Status of the squid (Loligo pealei) and (Illex 

 illecebrosus) populations off the northeastern 

 U.S.A. Ref. Doc. 82-27, Woods Hole Lab., NMFS 

 Northeast Fish. Sci. Cent., 16 p. 

 Lange, A.M.T., & M.P. Sissenwine 



1980 Biological considerations relevant to the manage- 

 ment of squid {Loligo pealei) and (lllex illecebrosus) 

 of the northwest Atlantic. Mar. Fish. Rev. 35(7-8):23- 

 38. 

 Langton, R.W. 



1977 A review of methods used for estimating gut 

 evacuation rates and calculating daily ration for 

 fish. Ref. Doc. 77-07, Woods Hole Lab., NMFS North- 

 east Fish. Sci. Cent., 25 p. 



Lawler, E. 



1976 The biology of the sandbar sharks Carcharhinus 

 plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) in the lower Chesapeake Bay 

 and adjacent waters. Masters thesis, Va. Inst. Mar. 

 Sci., Gloucester Point VA, 49 p. 



Longval, M.J., R.M. Warner, & S.H. Gruber 



1982 Cyclical patterns of food intake in the lemon 

 shark, Negaprion brevirostris, under controlled con- 

 ditions. Fla. Sci. 45:25-33. 



MacDonald, J., K.G. Waiwood, & R.H. Green 



1982 Rates of digestion of different prey in Atlantic 

 cod (Gadus morhua), ocean pout (Maerozoares 

 americanus), winter flounder (Pseudopleuroneetes 

 americanus), and American plaice {Hippoglossoides 

 platessoides). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39:651-659. 



Mann, K.H. 



1978 Estimating the food consumption of fish in 

 nature. In Gerking, S.D. (ed.), Ecology of freshwa- 

 ter fish production, p. 250-273. Wiley, NY. 



Medved, R.J. 



1985 Gastric evacuation in the sandbar shark, Car- 

 charhinus plumbeus. J. Fish. Biol. 26:239-253. 

 Medved, R.J., & J.A. Marshall 



1981 Feeding behavior and biology of young sandbar 

 sharks, Carcharhinus plumbeus (Pisces, Carchar- 

 hinidae) in Chincoteague Bay, Virginia. Fish. Bull., 

 U.S. 79:441-447. 



1983 Short-term movements of young sandbar 

 sharks Carcharhinus plumbeus (Pisces, Carcharhini- 

 dae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 33:87-93. 

 Medved, R.J., C.E. Stillwell, & J.G. Casey 



1985 Stomach contents of young sandbar sharks, 

 Carcharhinus plumbeus in Chincoteague Bay, Vir- 

 ginia. Fish. Bull., U.S. 83:395-402. 

 1988 The rate of food consumption of young sandbar 

 sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) in Chincoteague Bay, 

 Virginia. Copeia 4:956-963. 

 Pandian, T.J. 



1967 Intake, digestion, absorption, and conversion of 

 food in fishes, Megalops cyprinoides and Ophio- 

 cephalus striatus. Mar. Biol. (NY) 1:16-32. 

 Quigley, J.P., & I. Meschan 



1941 Inhibition of the pyloric sphincter region by the 

 digestive products of fat. Am. J. Physiol. 134:803- 

 807. 

 Sidwell, V.D., P.R. Foncannon, N.S. Moore, & J.C. 

 Bonnet 



1974 Composition of the edible portion of raw (fresh 

 or frozen) crustaceans, finfish, and mollusks. I. Pro- 

 tein, fat, moisture, ash, carbohydrate, energy value, 

 and cholesterol. Mar. Fish. Rev. 36(3):21-35. 

 Springer, S. 



1960 Natural history of the sandbar shark, Eulamia 

 milberti. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 61:1-38. 

 Steimle, F.W., & R.J. Terranova 



1985 Energy equivalents of marine organisms from the 

 continental shelf of the temperate northwest At- 

 lantic. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Sci. 6:117-124. 



Stillwell, C.E., & N.E. Kohler 



1982 Food, feeding habits, and estimates of daily ra- 

 tion of the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the 

 northwestern Atlantic. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 

 39:407-414. 



Thayer, G.W., W.E. Schaaf, J.W. Angelovic, & M.W. 

 Lacroux 



1973 Caloric measurements of some estuarine or- 

 ganisms. Fish. Bull, U.S. 71:289-296. 

 Tricas, T.C. 



1977 Food habits, movements, and seasonal abundance 

 of the blue shark, Prionace glauca (Carcharhinidae), 

 in southern California waters. Masters thesis, Ca- 

 lif. State Univ., Long Beach, 76 p. 

 Waring, G.T. 



1986 Status of the fishery resource off northeastern 

 U.S. for 1986. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-F/NEC- 

 43, NMFS Northeast Fish. Sci. Cent., Woods Hole, p. 

 105-106. 



