474 



Fishery Bulletin 91 13). 1993 



mation to identify the key environmental and physical 

 factors that drive their population dynamics. 



Acknowledgments 



The author wishes to thank his colleagues in the Na- 

 tional Marine Fisheries Service who participated in 

 the collection and processing of the data used in this 

 report. Special thanks go to Kenneth Sherman, Mark 

 Berman, and John Green for carefully reading and 

 editing the early drafts of the manuscript. 



Literature cited 



Bigelow, H. B. 



1926. Plankton of the offshore waters of the Gulf of 

 Maine. Bull. Bur. Fish., Wash. 40:1-509. 

 Corkett, C. J., and I. A. McLaren. 



1978. The biology of Pseudocalanus. Adv. Mar. Biol. 

 15:1-231. 

 Cushing, D. H. 



1978. Biological effects of climatic changes. RAPP P- 

 v Reun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 173:107-116. 

 Davis, C. S. 



1984. Predatory control of copepod seasonal cycles on 



Georges Bank. Mar. Biol. 82:31-40. 

 1987. Zooplankton life cycles. In (R. A. Bakus and D. 

 W. Bourne, eds.) Georges Bank, p. 256-267. MIT 

 Press, Cambridge. 

 GLOBEC: Northwest Atlantic Program. 



1991. Canada/U.S. meeting on N.W. Atlantic 

 fisheries and climate. Rep. No. 2, Feb. 1991. 

 Ingham, M. C, and G. Wood. 



1987. Variations in the spring windfield in the North- 

 western Atlantic, 1946-1985: a progress 

 report. NAFO SCR Doc. 87/15. Serial No. N1295. 

 Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Org., Dartmouth, Nova 

 Scotia, Canada. 

 Laurence, G. C, and R. G. Lough. 



1984. Growth and survival of larval fishes in relation 

 to the trophodynamics of Georges Bank cod and 

 haddock. NOAATech. Mem. NMFS-F/NEC-36. 

 Leak, J. C, and E. D. Houde. 



1987. Cohort growth and survival of bay anchovy 

 larvae Anchoa mitchilli in Biscayne Bay, Florida. 

 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 37:109-122. 

 Manning, J., and T. Holzwarth. 



1990. Description of the oceanographic conditions on 

 the Northeast Continental Shelf: 1977-1985. North- 

 east Fisheries Center Reference Document 90-04, 

 NMFS Woods Hole Lab., 373 p. 

 Marcus, N. H. 



1989. Abundance in bottom sediments and hatching 

 requirements of eggs of Centropages hamatus 

 (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the Alligator Harbor re- 

 gion, Florida. Biol. Bull. 176:142-146. 



Marshall, S. M., and A. P. Orr. 



1955. The biology of a marine copepod. Oliver and 

 Boyd, London, 188 p. 

 Meise-Munns, C, J. Green, M. Ingham, and D. Moun- 

 tain. 



1990. Interannual variability in the copepod popula- 

 tions of Georges Bank and the western Gulf of 

 Maine. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 65:225-232. 



Mitchell, J. F. B. 



1989. The "greenhouse" effect and climate change. 

 Rev. Geophys. 27:115-139. 



Mountain, D. G. 



1991. The volume of shelf water in the Middle Atlantic 

 Bight: seasonal and interannual variability, 1977- 

 1987. Cont. Shelf Res. 11:251-267. 



Roesler, C. S., and D. B. Chelton. 



1987. Zooplankton variability in the California Cur- 

 rent, 1951-1982. CalCOFI Rep., Vol.28, p. 59-96. 

 Nelson, G. A. 



1990. Population biology and dynamics of northern 

 sand lance (Ammodytes dubius) from the Gulf of Maine 

 to Middle Atlantic Bight region. M.S. thesis, Univ. 

 Mass., Amherst, MA. 



Sherman, K. 



1980. MARMAP, a fisheries ecosystem study in the NW 

 Atlantic: fluctuations in the ichthyoplankton- 

 zooplankton components and their potential for 

 impact on the system. In (F. P. Diemer, F. J. Vern-berg, 

 and D. Z. Mirkes, eds.) Advanced concepts on ocean 

 measurements for marine biology, p. 9-37. Belle W. 

 Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Re- 

 search, Univ. South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC. 



Sherman, K., C. Jones, L. Sullivan, W. Smith, P. Berrien, 

 and L. Ejsymont. 



1981. Congruent shifts in sand eel abundance in west- 

 ern and eastern North Atlantic ecosystems. Nature 

 291:486-489. 



Sherman, K., J. R. Green, J. R. Goulet, and L. Ejsymont. 



1983. Coherence in zooplankton of a large Northwest 

 Atlantic ecosystem. Fish. Bull. 81(4):855-862. 



Sherman, K., W. G. Smith, J. R. Green, E. B. Cohen, 

 M. S. Berman, K. A. Marti, and J. R. Goulet. 



1987. Zooplankton production and the fisheries of the 

 Northeastern Shelf. In (R. H. Backus, ed. ), Georges 

 Bank, p. 268-282. MIT Press, Cambridge. 



Sibunka, J. D., and M. J. Silverman. 



1984. MARMAP surveys of the continental shelf from 

 Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Cape Sable, Nova 

 Scotia (1977-1983). Atlas No. 1. Summary of opera- 

 tions. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-F/NEC-33. 



1989. MARMAP surveys of the continental shelf from 

 Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Cape Sable, Nova 

 Scotia (1984-1987). Atlas No. 3. Summary of 

 operations. NOAATech. Mem. NMFS-F/NEC-68. 

 Wood, G. and V. Tang. 



1988. Sea-surface temperature anomalies off the north- 

 eastern USA during 1981-1986. NAFO SCR Doc. 88/ 

 84. Serial No. N1536. Northwest Atlantic Fish 

 Org. Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada. 



