March, 1907.] The Public Drinking Cup. 109. 



5. Micrococcus pyogenes albus (Rosenbach). (See above). 



6. Micrococcus pyogenes aureus (Rosenbach). (See above.) 



7. Bacillus prodigiosus (Ehrenberg). (See above.) 



8. Bacillus aniylobacter (v. Tieghem). (See above). 



9. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (Yeast). Frequently found in 

 the mouth. 



Ex. No. 9. Swab was taken from a cup at a drinking fountain 

 in a small town of 4,000. The water was running in a swift 

 stream on the cups in the bowl beneath and consequently a 

 great many bacteria were washed off. The following bacteria 

 were shown to be present: 



1. Spirillum rubrum (v. Esmarch). (See above). 



2. Sarcina aurantica (Fliigge). (See above.) 



3. Bacillus sporogenes (Klein) . A pathogenic bacterium which 

 killed a guinea pig in 48 hours when inoculated subcutaneouslv. 

 This species is very similar if not identical with Bacillus areogenes 

 capsulatus (Welch). Anaerobic. 



Ex. No. 10. Swab was taken from a cup found in connection 

 with a water tap in a large steel works. The cup was used by a 

 large number of foreign workingmen. The following bacteria 

 were shown to be present: 



1. Micrococcus citreus (Sternberg). (See above.) 



2. Micrococcus lutea (Cohn). Distributed in water and air. 



3. Micrococcus pyogenes aureus (Rosenbach). (See above). 



4. Sarcina aurantica (Fliigge). (See above.) 



5. Bacterium pneumoniae (Zopf). (See above.) 



6. Bacterium rugosum — An organism found normally in 

 milk and cheese. 



There were no bacilli demonstrated, /. e., no motile forms. 



SUMMARY. 



The main facts to be noted as shown bv these examinations 

 are: (1) The comparatively few species of bacteria which are 

 represented in the ten examinations; only 26 in all. (2) The pres- 

 ence in eight out of the ten examinations of the pvogenic or pus 

 producing bacteria, viz.: M. pyogenes aureus and albus, etc. 

 (3) The presence of the Steptococcus pyogenes aureus in one case 

 and the Bacterium pneumoniee in two cases. These bacteria 

 have been repeatedly isolated from normal and diseased mouths 

 and throats and according to some investigators are closely 

 related if not the same organism. Reudiger* found the strepto- 

 coccus in 30 out of 51 times in normal throats. (4) The absence 

 of the mouth bacteria proper. Millert describes 30 species of 

 bacteria infesting the oral cavity. (5) The Colon bacilli reported 

 may have been present in the water coming in contact with the 



* Reudiger — Journal of American Medical Ass'n, Vol. 47. Oct. 13, '00 

 t Miller — Micro-organisms of the Human Mouth. 



