246 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. VIII, No. 3^ 



later. In summing up the specific characters the three thoracic 

 wax glands below the lateral tubercle, the two abdominal tuber- 

 cles ^yith their accompanying hairs, and the group of six or seven 

 sensories at the base of the unguis ought to determine the species- 

 for the winged or wingless form. 



A great deal of speculation has always existed as to the 

 function of the honey-tubes. Repeatedly while observing the 

 insect I noticed the honey-dew given off from the anal opening. 

 A small drop of clear liquid would be extruded, and by means 

 of the left foot the liquid would be thrown one or two inches. 

 Therefore, in this particular instance I am quite certain the 

 honey-dew is not extruded through the tubes. The honey-tubes 

 always contain two structures. Running the entire length is a 

 fine tube very much resembling a trachea. This could only be 

 seen in freshly mounted specimens and could not be traced into 

 the body of the insect. In addition to this the cavity of the honey- 

 tube always contains a number of characteristic bodies, oval in 

 shape, with clear centers. These bodies break down in certain 

 mounting media and frequently form crystals. Since it is quite 

 uncertain whether or not malphigian tubules exist, it is possible 

 these bodies are the result of an excretory process. Both tubes- 

 and bodies have been observed by other workers, but I think as 

 yet have not been explained. 



Two series of observations were carried on to determine the 

 life history as well as the effect of food and other environmental 

 changes on the species. The first set of observations was on the 

 original colony "which was not disturbed during the entire fall.. 

 As before stated when the aquarium was first brought into the 

 laboratory it contained only wingless viviparous females or 

 nymphs of the same. These were all very dark in color, varying 

 from dark brownish black to nearly jet black. Being protected 

 and in a warm room they multiplied at an enormous rate and in 

 a few days everv available leaf of the Philotria was occupied and 

 soon began to die. No sooner had the food supply began to fail 

 than a change was noted in the color of the aphids, especially 

 the very young. In place of being dark in color they assumed 

 a greenish tinge and before long individuals might be found of a 

 light pea green color. In a short time nymphs of the winged 

 form were noted which rapidly developed and either migrated 

 to one of the other aquariums, or flew to the window to die in a 

 few days from starvation. Four or five other aquaria were 

 in the laboratory and contained Philotria which was soon covered 

 with aphids after the first winged forms appeared. Strange to 

 say no sexual forms could be discovered and that phase of their 

 life history is yet unsolved. In a little over a week after the 

 aquarium was brought into the laboratory it was nearly depleted 

 of aphids owing to the lack of food. However, as soon as the 



