2 88 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. VIII, No. 5, 



of 25-40 feet and may be underlain by micaceous sand behaving 

 like quicksand, although no true quicksand could be located 

 except a seam in a well, up on the terrace at a depth of 20-30 

 feet and at a distance from the landslide of more than a half mile. 



The landslide began by the falling of the front of a steep bluff 

 of this outwash material after it had been undermined by the 

 stream (a branch of the Scioto from the west). This was fol- 

 lowed bv the settling down of 10-15 acres of the adjacent terrace 

 land, and the horizontal layers of blue clay and sand exposed in 

 the stream bed for a generation were made to buckle and fold as 

 if pushed up from below or crushed laterally, and then forced 

 forward into sharp folds. This stratified clay, turned up verti- 

 cally, rose across the valley obstructing the channel and effective- 

 Iv ponding the waters back. A lake a fourth mile long was 

 formed, whose overflow is slowly cutting an outlet notch through 

 the vertical layers of tough clay. 



Such a slide could hardly have occurred unless there had been 

 a yielding stratum below in which slipping could take place, hence 

 the supposition of quicksands, or micaceous layers at least, 

 beneath the surface. 



The more remarkable physiographic effects of this slide are 

 (1) the lowering and tumbling of an area of level pasture and 

 scattered timber several acres in extent, through a vertical dis- 

 tance of one to twenty-five feet ; (2) the folding and pushing up 

 of a series of horizontal clay layers; (3) the ponding back, by the 

 latter phenomenon, of the waters, and the production of a tem- 

 porary lake; (4) the complete closing of a large spring and its 

 re-formation in a new place several rods distant and a few feet 

 higher. 



The second large landslide occurred many years ago. It lies 

 in and rather completely closes the valley between the head of 

 Cranenest Fork of Little Muskingum and a short branch of Op- 

 possum Creek about one and one-half miles west of V/inkler's 

 Mill, Monroe county, Ohio. The topography of the vicinity is 

 shown on the New Martinsville and New Metamoras sheets of the 

 United States Geological Survey topographic map. 



At the point indicated, the divide is about 1110 feet above 

 sea level, but has the appearance of a low col in a valley whose 

 walls rise over one hundred and fifty feet above the crest of the 

 col. The material of this divide is loose rock waste with a bunchy 

 surface considerably subdued by subaerial agencies and deeply 

 gashed by headward erosion. On the east side of this divide the 

 little branch of Oppossum Creek falls 100 feet in one-fourth mile 

 and another hundred in less than a full mile. This branch is 

 on rock back to the landslide. Cranenest Fork, flowing N. W., 

 falls 100 feet in aljout one mile and another hundred feet in about 



