300 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. VIII, No. 6, 



The exact status of this formation is not easy to determine 

 with respect to its counterpart on Presque Isle, but it appears 

 that the formation on Cedar Point is a sort of merging of what 

 has been callefl two distinct formations on Presque Isle. The 

 formation is typically exemplified on Ridges 5 and 4 and, in 

 places, on 3. 



No alternation is evident between the facies of this formation, 

 but there is, however, a distinct layering; the following layers 

 being evident: 



1. Primary Layer. — The facies and other trees of larger size. 



2. Secondary Layer. — Young trees, mainly of same species 



as the facies but relatively larger numbers of oaks. 



3. Tertiary Layer. — Low shrubs and herbs; Vagnera, 



Equisetum, etc. 



4. Ground Layer. — Represented very sparingly by occa- 



sional fleshy fungi, moulds, myxomycetes, etc. 

 The formation is characterized by one principal species con- 

 stituting the Vagnera stellata Society. Also conspicuous com- 

 munity and family groups of Equisetum. 



The Quercus velutina-imhricaria Forest Formation. 



Facies: Quercus velutina, 



Quercus imbricaria. 



Principal Species: Aralia nudiflora, 



Washingtonia claytoni. 



Secondary Species: 



Pinus strobus, Juniperus virginiana, 



Tilia americana, Prunus serotina, 



Prunus virginiana, Fraxinus americana, 



Smilax herbacea. Toxicodendron pubescens, 



Rubus nigrobaccus, Aralia racemosa, 



Vitis vulpina, Parthenocissus quinqefolia 



Vagnera stellata, Vagnera racemosa, 



Meibomia dillenii, Lespedeza violacea, 



Galium circaezans, Helianthus strumosus, 



Ulmus americana, Solanmn nigra, 



Monarda fistulosa, Nabalus albus, 

 Pkryma leptostachya. 



This formation is best shown towards the north ends of Ridges 

 3 and 2. The habitat, although originally a xerophytic one with 

 a pure sand soil, has become more and more mesophytic. The 

 water-containing and water-retaining powers of the soil have been 

 much increased by the accumulation of about three inches of 

 humus which acts as a mulch, and also the same general efifect 

 is brought about by the continual rise of the water table coinci- 

 dent with the cumulative rise of water in the Lake. 



