May, 1909.] The Bedford Fauna at Indian Fields, Ky. 517 



Of these species, the first two appear to be characteristic of 

 the Sunbury shale. Lingula melie was described from the Sun- 

 bury shale at Chagrin Falls, 16 miles east of Cleveland, and the 

 types of Orbiculoidea neivberryi were obtained at the same horizon 

 befow the Cuyahoga Falls, 28 miles southeast of Cleveland. 

 The third species in the list was published originally from 

 the Bedford shales. The following ten species are regarded as 

 either identical with, or closely related to various Hamilton 

 species. The fourteenth in the list is said to resemble a Portage 

 species. No comparisons are made in case of the next two. It 

 is evident that Prof. Herrick was strongly influenced in his 

 identifications by the belief that the Bedford presented an upper 

 Devonian rather than a lower Carboniferous fauna. 



In the first volume of the Geology of Ohio, on page 189, Prof. 

 Newberry listed as coming from the Bedford shale, at Bedford, 

 Ohio, Syringothyris typa ( = carteri), Rhynchonella { = Camaro- 

 toechia) sageriana, Orthis {Rhipidomella) michelini, Spirijerivia 

 solidirostris, and Macrodon hamiltoniae. From this it is evident 

 that Newberry was impressed with the Waverly affinities of the 

 Bedford. In the second volume of the Geology of Ohio, New- 

 berry listed from the Bedford shale also Hemipronites crenistria, 

 Chonetes logani, and Lingula cuyahoga. In the seventh volume 

 of the Geology of Ohio, Prof. C. L. Herrick expressed the opinion 

 that the fossils listed by Newberry "do not occur in the typical 

 shaly Bedford, but in thin flags associated or interbedded, while 

 the typical Bedford, especially in central Ohio where it reposes 

 directly upon the "Black Shale," carries a considerable series of 

 fossils forming a decided Devonian assemblage. More remark- 

 able still, the specific resemblances are unquestionably with 

 Hamilton (in the broad sense) rather than the Chemung fauna." 



In the attempt to determine the equivalence, approximately, 

 of the Bedford shale to horizons already known elsewhere, the 

 resemblances rather than the differences of the Bedford fauna to 

 other species were noted. The result is that the fauna of the 

 Bedford is still, practically, an unworked field. In the hope of 

 contributing at least a little to our knowledge of the Bedford 

 fauna, the following notes are added. They consist of descrip- 

 tions of the various forms discovered so far in the attenuated 

 representatives of the Bedford-Berea section, as exposed at 

 Indian Fields and Irvine, Kentucky. For the stratigraphy the 

 reader is referred to the paper on the Waverly formations of 

 east-central Kentucky published by W. C. Morse and A. F. 

 Foerste in the Journal of Geology, March, 1909, page 164. 



Lingula irvinensis, sp. nov. (Fig. 7). 



Valves gently convex. Concentric striae very fine and close together; 

 of these, 5 or 6 in a length of 2 mm. appear slightly inore prominent than 

 the others. Length, 4.8 mm. ; width, 4 mm. 



