2 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. X, No. 1, 



the bottom, where a corresponding cut is made; then working from the 

 bottom cut, the wood fiber is raised and as the piece was cut free to start 

 with at the top, it is already detached when the piece is torn loose to the 

 top cut. Then another cut is made at the top; then at the bottom, and 

 so on till the insect reaches in as far as it can conveniently. It then 

 moves to either side of this cut, eats off another strip of bark and goes to 

 work on the wood as before." 



In this study my observations are confined to the following; 

 trees: Elm, Hickory, Linden, Honey Locust and Persimmon. 



Manner of Girdling: The Elm branches were girdled as 

 shown in Figure 2. The diameter of the girdled branches varies 

 from one-fourth to one-half inch, and the depth of the grooves 

 varies from one-tenth to one-eighth inch. These measurements 

 hold good for the Hickory, the Persimmon, and the Honey 

 Locust also. In all instances observed on the elm the branches 

 were completely girdled and all in the same manner. Attacks 

 on this tree were not numerous. 



Figure 3 shows the manner of girdling the Hickory. The 

 grooves were cut in the same way as on the Elm tree branches. 

 Attacks on this tree were a little more numerous than on the 

 Elm. Eight months after they were girdled these branches 

 (Fig. 3) had not broken off the tree. I found a few branches 

 in their natural position on the tree twenty months after they 

 had been girdled. 



The Linden suffered more than either of the above trees. 

 Figure 4 shows that these branches are not girdled, they are cut 

 off. For a short time in the fall they can be seen hanging by the 

 small thread of bark which is left (Fig. 5). They soon break off 

 and fall to the ground, almost with the first wind. On a small 

 tree about twenty-five feet high I counted twenty-four branches 

 cut off as shown in Figure 5. In every instance observed the 

 Linden branches were cut off and not girdled. 



The Honey Locust was gridled in the same manner as the 

 Elm and the Hickory, and suffered more than all the other trees 

 combined. On one field trip the girdled branches on the first 

 twenty Honey Locust trees were counted. The trees were taken 

 as they were found. No sorting was done. The result of the 

 count is given below: 



