4 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. X, No. 1, 



Larvae : The larvae are white in color and from one-half 

 CO three-fourths of an inch long. They vary very much in size. 

 One would judge that those destined to produce females are 

 larger than the others. The larvae found in the deadened Elm 

 branches were smaller than those found in the girdled Honev 

 Locust branches. Probably the difference in the kind of nutri- 

 ment obtained determines the size of the larvae. 



When examined with a lens, the body is found to be sparselv 

 covered with short, dark hairs. These hairs are more numerous 

 on the anterior end than on the posterior end. The mouth parts 

 are brown. x\fter hatching they burrow in the wood and remain 

 there until late in the following summer. Beginning earlv in 

 the spring they excavate galleries in the dead branch just 

 beneath the bark. Frequently they are found burrowing in the 

 solid wood, and still more frequently in the pith. Their growth 

 is verv slow and it takes very little wood to satisfy them. 



In one instance a larva came to maturity and changed to a 

 pupa in a gallery two inches long. This gallery was about one- 

 eighth of an inch in diaineter. Two pupae were found side by 

 side in separate galleries in a branch one-half inch in diameter. 

 At present I am unable to state definitely how long the larvae 

 exist in these cut-off bi-anches. Some at least spend two winters 

 in the wood, but this can not be said of all. This point is now 

 under observation. 



Before the larva changes to a pupa, it cuts a pinhole in the 

 bark near the end of the gallery, and closes the opening of the 

 burrow with fine shavings. This gives the pupal cell an opening 

 to the outside for air and egress when the proper time comes. 



In a girdled Hickory branch now before me the larvae aver- 

 age one-fifth inch in length. They are at work in galleries one- 

 fourth inch in length, and none of them have burrowed deep 

 into the wood. These larvae were hatched more than five months 

 ago. This shows plainly how slow their growth is. Owing to the 

 scarcitv of full grown larvae we can logically conclude that these 

 small larvae will be our girdlers this coming Fall. Some of the 

 smaller and poorly nourished larvae will certainly pass another 

 winter in the branches. In every instance observed the two- 

 winter larvae were found only in the Honey Locust branches. 

 The extreme hardness of this wood might account for this de- 

 layed development. 



The number of eggs laid in girdled branches varies from three 

 to twentv. Below is given a record of the number of eggs laid 

 in twentv branches. The count was made at random, and 

 includes branches from different trees. 



