io6 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. X, No. 5, 



that village. At Howenstein the interval between the Putnam 

 Hill and the Upper Mercer is 84 feet, at Alliance 66 feet and con- 

 sidering the fact that the Lower Mercer is present at its usual 

 interval it would seem that this difference of 22 feet could hardly 

 be regarded as due to undulation. It is possible however that 

 both the Mercer limestones were penetrated on a crest which 

 would account in part for the difference. Otherwise a thinning 

 of intermediate strata is the explanation. 



The Lower Mercer lies at 945 or 21 feet below the top of the 

 Upper Mercer which is about its usual interval. It is recorded 

 as o feet thick which accords quite well with its known thickness. 



In the first well at an elevation of 8(S4 feet above sea another 

 limestone was penetrated having a thickness of 5 feet. This is 

 clearly a .stranger as it lies 61 feet below the Lower Mercer. 



The second test well was drilled beside the city pumping sta- 

 tion with the well head at 1044 above sea. The second well is 

 nearly 2 miles north and h mile east of the first. This distance 

 would seem at first to forbid the combination of measurements 

 given above. But certain facts indicate that it may be done with 

 a fair degree of certainty. (1 ) The Middle Kittanning coal in the 

 Ely shaft lies- at 1187 and in the first well at 1140. These points 

 are nearly 1 mile apart and the shaft a little west of north. 

 This would indicate that the plane of this coal in this direction is 

 nearly level. Mr. Ely states that the coal rises a few feet from 

 the shaft which further indicates horizontality. (2) In the 

 second test well a 5-foot limestone was penetrated at 882 feet 

 above sea, in the first well at 884 above. (3) Near Myers Sta- 

 tion on the Lake Erie, Alliance and Wheeling Railroad, 1 1 miles 

 south of the Ely Mine the Middle Kittanning coal lies at 1130 

 above sea, or a fall of 7 feet in 11 miles. From the first test well 

 the fall is 10 feet in 10 miles. 



These data indicate that the strata at Alliance lie very nearly 

 on a level from north to south. Therefore the strata may be 

 counted practically level so far as these two wells are concerned, 

 and the combination made as given above. 



Little more need be said of the second well. Sixty-eight feet 

 of the top is drift and the bed rock is reached at 976 above sea, 

 which is below the horizon of the Howenstein. The only other 

 limestones to be expected are the Upper and Lower Mercer and 

 these are present as noted above. The stranger is present also at 

 63 below the Lower Mercer as already stated. Sixty feet below 

 the top of this limestone lies a 2 foot coal which is apparently the 

 Sharon coal. It lies 37 feet lower than coal No. 1 in the Mullin 

 Mine at Deertield which would indicate that it is the same coal. 

 This limestone will be considered further in another connection. 



The second limestone outcrop in the eastern part of the county 

 to be discussed occurs on the farm of Samuel Carr at a point 



