io8 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. X, No. 5, 



miles apart. This shows a rise of 2 feet per mile, and if the Van- 

 port were present in tlie shaft it would lie at about 1123 above 

 sea. This puts the coal 2S feet below the Vanport horizon 

 which is reasonably near the proper horizon for the coal beneath 

 the Putnam Hill limestone. Furthermore no other coal between 

 the Sharon and the Lower Kittanning is known to reach any such 

 'thickness or present a conspicuous parting in the middle. It 

 may be confidently concluded that this is the coal of the Putnam 

 Hill limestone with that stratum absent. 



Deer Creek at Limaville lies at about 1040 above sea, low 

 '-enough to expose one or two of the lower limestones but none 

 were seen. 



l'' ' [, Dip of Strata in Eastern Stark Comity. 



With the several elevations now at hand dip of the strata in 

 the eastern half of Stark County may be still further noted. 

 With the Vanport at 1086 at Howenstein, lOSl at Alliance, and 

 1180 at the Diamond Cement Plant, it appears that the strata 

 lie almost horizontally from Howenstein to Alliance, but if the 

 sum of the elevations of the five limestones at the two places be 

 compared they will be seen to be 5034 and 5032 respectively 

 which indicates almost a perfect level. A line drawn through the 

 Cement Plant outcrop at right angles to the Ailiance-Howenstein 

 line gives the direction of maximum dip for this area. It is south 

 about 45 degrees east and 14 feet per mile. 



From the Cement Plant to the EUett farm it is 10 miles with 

 a fall of 99 feet and a little north of east. The Middle Kittanning 

 coal at Howenstein lies at 1160; 12 miles slightly north of east 

 near Myers Station it lies at 1130, or 30 feet fall. It is at once 

 seen that these two lines of fall do not lie in the same plane, 

 therefore a disturbance in the dip. In the absence of more data 

 it can not be definitely stated what the cause is, but the writer 

 offers the following tentative explanation. Entering Stark 

 County from the southwest a low fold extends in a northeasterly 

 direction the crest of which lies a little west of Canton and per- 

 haps not far from Middle Branch. Parallel to this fold another is 

 thought to extend through western Columbiana and central 

 Mahoning counties. It is thought that Alliance lies near the 

 bottom of the intervening trough or on the syncline, that Howen- 

 stein is situated west of the syncline and Myers Station east of it. 

 The horizontal position of the strata at Alliance and the fact that 

 there is less than 1 foot fall to the mile toward the south from that 

 city inclines the writer to think that in going toward Myers Sta- 

 tion the west slope of the anticline is gradually ascended and thus 

 accounts for the slight dip in that direction. The line from 

 Middle Branch to Howenstein is nearly parallel to the direction 

 given above and it will be remembered that the dip here is 7 



