114 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. X, No. 5, 



Howenstein is 147 feet, at Alliance 136 feet, in central Mahoning 

 County 122 feet, and at Lowellville 133 feet. 



Probably the most striking fact is the rise in the strata 

 toward Benton since this is in line with Howenstein and Alliance. 

 But as before the writer accounts for this occurrence in part on 

 the ground that an anticline lies to the east of Alliance and in 

 going from this place to North Benton the northwest slope of the 

 anticline is ascended. 



MEANDER CREEK AND TRIBUTARIES. 



This stream and its tributaries arise in the central part of 

 Mahoning County and furnish the next good exposures of 

 limestone. 



Ellsworth. A half mile south of the village of Ellsworth and 

 just below the fall at Club Lake in the bed of the west branch of 

 Meander Creek the Lower Mercer occurs at 1023 feet above sea, 

 is 3 feet thick and possesses its usual characters. In the south 

 bank of this stream near the highway bridge an opening has been 

 made into the coal belonging beneath this limestone. The coal 

 was not seen btit lies at about 10 IS. About \ mile below the 

 highway bridge a 9-inch coal is exposed in a cliff with sandstone 

 above it and lying at 1003 feet above sea. This is certainly the 

 same coal seen on Little Mill Creek and on the Mahoning River. 

 The elevation and interval between the coals are almost identical 

 although the two localities are about 8 miles apart. 



A few hundred yards below the above cliff on the south 

 side of the creek occur conspicuous clay banks rich in beautiful 

 crystals of selenite which have given the obscure village of 

 Ellsworth a place oi prominence with geologists and museums 

 far and wide. The clay is a gray talcose glacial deposit. 



At the Club Lake fall 14 feet above the limestone thin streaks 

 of coal occur at the base of a massive sandstone. It is clearly the 

 Upper Mercer coal but wnth its limestone displaced by the mas- 

 sive, coarse grained sandstone which contains numerous impres- 

 sions of lepidodendrids, sigillarids, and calamities. The cur- 

 rents that prevented the formation of the limestone, swept 

 down the coal plants and entombed them in sand. No better 

 display of fossil plants in sandstone is known to the writer than 

 occurs in this stratum. 



The bluish gray shale beneath the sandstone contains great 

 numbers of beautifully preserved fern leaves and other plants. 



Diehl Creek. At a point about 2 miles east and slightly south 

 of Club Lake on Diehl Creek, a tributary of the middle branch of 

 Meander, the Lower Mercer is again seen in the sides and bed of 

 the creek and presenting the same appearance as seen on Little 

 Mill Creek, but with less undulation. The stratum lies at 1024 

 feet above sea, is 2 feet .") inches thick and in two layers, the 



