I20 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. X, No. 5, 



35 feet, middle and upper 39 feet. These are without doubt the 

 same three limestones noted above. By boring the interval 

 between the upper and lower is 74 feet; as observed in outcrop 

 G6 feet not counting 4 or 5 feet for dip. Furthermore, only the 

 hilltops on the south side of Youngstown Township reach an 

 elevation of 1100 feet, and Greenhotise hill is one of them with 

 the Howenstein at 1076 and near its top. Dr. Orton regarded 

 this upper limestone as the Putnam Hill. [Ohio Geol. Sur. Vol. 

 V, pp. 29-30.] But a comparison of the various sections unmis- 

 takably indicates that it is the Howenstein. The several other 

 occurrences of limestone at various elevations as given above indi- 

 cate that pronounced undulation exists in this locality in the 

 lower limestones. 



Indian Creek Outcrops. This stream is a tributary of Mill 

 Cree*k and has cut a deep course in the southeast quarter of Can- 

 tield Township exposing coals and limestones. 



On the Jonas Christman farm in the bed of Indian Creek at a 

 point \ mile west of the township line the Upper Mercer lies at 

 1039 feet above sea, is over 2 feet thick, and rests upon 14 to 18 

 inches of good coal. The limestone was formerly quarried and 

 burned with the coal. On the same farm and on the south side 

 of the creek a bed of coal was formerly mined which carries lenti- 

 cular masses of limestone lying at 1064 above sea. These lenses 

 are often beautiful septaria 12 to 18 inches in diameter and quite 

 fossiliferous. The septarian character is well shown in a ravine 

 on the north side of the creek several hundred yards above the 

 outcrop in the creek bed. The coal underlying the limestone 

 lenses is 18 to 24 inches thick and was formerly mined on the 

 William Swanston farm. Seventy-three feet above the lenses 

 lies the Canfield Cannel Coal at about 1139 above sea. 



Dr. Orton identified these limestones and coals as the Lower 

 and Upper Mercer and gave an interval of So feet between the 

 coal under the limestone lenses and the cannel seam. Undulation 

 will easily account for difference in interval, but the lenses are 

 certainly the Howenstein limestone as will appear a little later. 

 On the Canfield-Boardman road in the Heintzelman hill \ 

 mile west of the Canfield-Boardman line a bed of fireclay occurs 

 at 1072. About 300 yards northwest of this point a mine has 

 been opened in an IS inch coal which carries limestone lenses 

 lying at 1078 above sea. This is beyond question the saine 

 horizon noted on Indian Creek 1 mile south. 



Neff Run Outcrop. About 300 yards northwest of this mine 

 in a ravine on Neff Run, a tributary of Indian Creek, a 2-foot 

 limestone occurs on the Martin Neff farm and rests directly upon 

 a 20-inch coal. This limestone lies at about 1050 above sea. 

 Recently Mr. Neff explored for the Sharon coal and in a drill hole 

 close beside the run and below the horizon of the'above limestone 



