Mar,, 1910.] Pennsylvanian Limestones. 121 



penetrated 61 feet of drift. A little north of the run and above 

 the limestone two limestones were penetrated. The upper one 

 2^ feet thick with 16 inches of coal directly beneath it, the lower 

 one 3 feet thick and no coal beneath, and 21 feet between tops 

 of the limestones. These facts are perfectly clear. The lenticu- 

 lar limestone is the Howenstein ; the outcrop in the ravine at 1U5U, 

 and the upper one in the drill hole, is the Upper Mercer; the 3-foot 

 limestone in the drill hole is the Lower Mercer. 



The three limestones on the east side of Canfield Township 

 are in harmony with the section on Meander Creek 5 miles to the 

 Avest; they agree perfectly with the section on Yellow Creek 5^ 

 miles to the east; they are in entire accord with the findings in 

 the vicinity of Youngstown 4 miles northeast ; and they answer 

 closely to the facts found on McMahon Run and at Smith Corners 

 4 or 5 miles northwest. 



The section on Neff Run with the Lower Mercer at 1029, the 

 L^pper Mercer at 1050, and the Howenstein at 107S combined 

 with the measurement between the Howenstein and the cannel 

 coal as found on Indian Creek gives the entire interval between 

 the Lower Mercer and the Vanport horizons a measurement of 

 122 feet. The interval of 73 feet between the Howenstein and 

 the cannel coal was nowhere found well exposed, but somewhere 

 near the middle of it we w^ould expect to find some trace of the 

 horizon of the Putnam Hill limestone. Xo trace was seen in 

 outcrop but in a drill hole on the Xeff fai^m a few hundred yards 

 north of the old mine in the cannel coal on the William Swanston 

 farm a driller reports 8 feet of fireclay 50 feet below the cannel 

 coal. The top of this clay certainly marks the Putnam Hill 

 horizon. At 119 feet below the cannel coal a 3-foot limestone 

 was penetrated which is undoubtedly the Lower Mercer. The 

 following section, therefore, indicates the relations of the lime- 

 stones or their horizons for the Xeff Run locality on the east side 

 of Canfield Township: 



Vanport limestone (cannel coal) 1151 



Putnam Hill limestone (fireclay) 1101 



Howenstein limestone (lenses) 1078 



Upper Mercer liinestone 1050 



Lower Mercer limestone 1029 



DIP OF STRATA IN CENTRAL MAHONING COUNTV. 



The matter of dip presents some points of interest in central 

 Mahoning County. The Lower Mercer dips southeast from Mc- 

 Mahon Run to Indian Creek about 22 feet in oh miles or about 

 4 feet per mile. The Howenstein dips more south than east 

 between Smith Corners and Indian Creek 26 feet in 4i miles. 

 The average dip is therefore seen to be about 5 feet per mile 

 in this direction. 



