xMar., 1910.] 



Pennsylvanian Limestones. 



123 



In a cliff at the head of still water the Lower Mercer is again well 

 exposed as a conspicuous middle stratum of 3 feet thickness in 

 the cliff face and lying at its top 9 feet above dam level. A 5-inch 

 impure cannel coal lies 4§ feet below its base. In the second 

 ravine south of the spillway the Lower Mercer is again seen and 

 lies 4 feet higher than in the above cliff, a mile distant. The dam 

 level is about 980 feet above sea. 



The second limestone at Poland outcrops on the south side of 

 the village in the creek bank in the rear of the Presbyterian 

 church. The stratum is clearly the Upper Mercer and lies at 

 1013 above sea. As seen here it rises a few feet above, then sinks 

 beneath the level of the Poland Mill Dam. 



Burgess Run Outcrop. One and one-quarter miles south of 

 Poland on Burgess Run, a tributary of Yellow Creek, a third lime- 

 stone outcrops at 1050 in the run bank near the highway bridge 

 and on the farm of D. W. Walker. The stratum is nearly black 

 and 2 to 2J feet in thickness. It is underlain by 18 inches of 

 coal 15 inches of which is cannel. The limestone is overlain by 

 sandstone as seen above the highway. This is clearly the Howen- 

 stein limestone although it lies lower than in the outcrops noted 

 on Neff Run, at Smith Corners and in Greenhouse Hill. But it 

 is also noticed that the Mercer limestones lie correspondingly 

 lower. 



DIP OF STRAT.\ FROM CENTRAL TO EASTERN MAHONING COUNTY. 



Poland is directly east of the Neff Run outcrops oh miles and 

 a comparison of the elevations of the three strata at once reveals 

 a dip toward the east which was not found the case across Can- 

 field Township. 



Neff Run 



Howenstein 1078 



Upper Mercer 1050 



Lower Mercer 1029 



Poland 



Howenstein 1055 



Upper Mercer 1013 



Lower Mercer 990 



The Howenstein is not found at Poland but the dip southeast 

 from Greenhouse Hill to Burgess Run is 5 feet per mile, hence 

 the horizon of this limestone is about 1055 at Poland. These 

 elevations show that the Howenstein dips toward the east slightly 

 over 4 feet per mile, the Upper and Lower Mercer 7 feet per mile. 



The elevations at Poland may be compared with one other 

 set. The outcrops south of Youngstown and those at Poland lie 



in a line extending northwest and southeast. 



Youngstown 



(Greenhouse Hill) Howenstein 1076 



(Davis Well) Upper Mercer. .. . 1050 



(Facodi) Lower Mercer. . . 1010 



Poland 



Howenstein 1055 



Upper Mercer. . . 1013 

 Lower Mercer. . . 990 



