124 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. X, No. 5, 



The distance between the first two points is 4 miles hence the 

 Howenstein dips about 5 feet per mile which it is seen to do be- 

 tween Greenhouse Hill and Burgess Run. Between the second 

 two points the distance is 3^ miles and the dip 11 feet per mile. 

 This is tindoubtedly due to this limestone lying much farther from 

 the Lower Mercer at Davis Well than is usual, and therefore not 

 representative of the general southeasterly dip of the strata. The 

 Howenstein and Lower Mercer may be taken as more correctly 

 expressing the general dip. Between the third two points the 

 distance is 4^ miles with a dip of 4^ feet per mile. 



CANFIELD ANTICLINE. 



It will be recalled that in the interpretation of the Alliance 

 section that facts seem to point to the existence of a fold lying 

 east of that city. The writer believes that the data found in 

 Mahoning County fully warrant this conclusion. The fold is a 

 broad low one and seems to lie through the center of the county 

 with Canfield somewhere near the crest. The horizons of all the 

 limestones lie higher in Central Mahoning County than at Alliance 

 or Poland. The existence of nearly horizontal strata from west 

 to east in Canfield Township, and of marked dip in the same 

 direction from the east side of the township toward Poland indi- 

 cate such a fold. The fold is sufficiently low that the normal 

 dip of the strata toward the southeast from Ellsworth and north- 

 western Canfield township is overcome causing the strata to lie 

 almost horizontally, or with a slight rise in that direction. The 

 unexpected fall in the strata toward the northeast from Xeff Run, 

 where a rise would be looked for, indicates a dying out of the fold 

 in the vicinity of Youngstown. The rise in the strata from 

 Alliance toward North Benton is believed to be due in part to 

 ascending diagonally the west slope of this fold. Lastly, south- 

 east of Alliance and in northwestern Cohimbiana County oil is 

 found in many wells. Four miles southeast a good producing 

 field is found. Six miles south and 2 miles east in the vicinity 

 of Homeworth two other fields are found. Again, S miles south- 

 east of Alliance a gas field occurs in the vicinity of North George- 

 town. The position of these fields shows a general northeast 

 and southwest direction. A distance of 4 miles from northwest 

 to southeast across this belt of fields conforms exactly to facts 

 found in central Mahoning County and the fields are certainly 

 associated with the Canfield Anticline. 



Gorge Outcrop. The three limestones already considered on 

 this creek are the ones to be expected but another calls for atten- 

 tion. It lies below the Upper Massillon sandstone and there- 

 fore appears only in the lower part of the Yellow Creek gorge. 

 This limestone is seen in the creek bed and in the north wall of 

 the gorge about 4 or 5 hundred yards below Yellow Creek Dam, 



