126 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. X, No. 5, 



The Upper Mercer is seen directly above the preceding hme- 

 stone at the culvert, and lies at 1020 feet above sea. It is 2 feet 

 4 inches thick is slightly darker in color and contains the same 

 fossils found in the Lower Mercer, and is immediately underlain 

 by 15 inches of coal. 



At 23 feet above the latter limestone or at 1043 feet above sea 

 a thin bed of coal occurs which ranges from 3 to 6 inches in thick- 

 ness as seen at several outcrops along the east side of the ravine. 

 This is undoubtedly the coal seen beneath the Howenstein 4 

 miles southwest on Burgess Run and the representative of the 

 coaly shale beneath that limestone seen on Greenhouse Hill 6h 

 miles a little north of west. The interval between the Upper 

 Mercer and this coal is chiefly shale and contains two other coals. 

 The first is 14 inches thick with only 2 feet 10 inches between it 

 and the limestone. The second coal is 5 inches thick with its 

 top 7 feet 10 inches above the limestone. Coal so close above a 

 limestone is unusual. But it will be remembered that this is 

 exactly the case in the Lower outcrop of this same limestone, and 

 black coaly shale is found directly above the same stratum on 

 Little Mill Creek at the point where it turns southward. Almost 

 an exact duplicate of the facts found on Furnace Run immedi- 

 ately above the Upper Mercer is found on Little Mill Creek. 

 Two beds of coal with clay and shale beneath each occur at the 

 former place and two beds of black or coaly shale with clay and 

 shale beneath each occur at the latter. This peculiarity of the 

 Upper Mercer being sandwiched between two coals is not known 

 to the writer to occur outside of Mahoning County. 



At 1078 feet above sea another coal and fireclay is found. It 

 is exposed in the roadway about 50 feet south of the highway 

 bridge over the switch to the quarry. It is also exposed in the 

 switch cut east of the bridge near the crusher, and again in the 

 ravine about 300 yards southw^est of the highway bridge. At 

 the latter point it is 5 inches thick but thinner in the others and 

 is underlain by 2 to 3 feet of clay and sandy shale which grades 

 quickly in coarse shaly sandstone the latter filling the interval 

 down to the next coal below. This coal and fireclay certainly 

 mark the horizon of the Putnam Hill limestone. The sandstone 

 between these two coals is in harmony with facts found on 

 Burgess Run, Neff Run, at Smith's Corners at the Bingham 

 outcrop, the Ewing outcrop, and at North Benton; or in brief, 

 sandstone prevails between these two horizons through Mahoning 

 County. 



The coal at the horizon of the Putnam Hill limestone is the 

 last noteworthy stratum to be seen at the head of the ravine. 

 But 200 yards to the left of the ravine and at the top of the hill 

 the extensive quarry in the Vanport limestone occurs. This 

 stratum shows marked undulation. The top as seen at the 



