Mar., 1910.] Pennsylvanian Limestones. 127 



north side of the quarry at the mouth of the quarry drain-tunnel 

 hes at 1115 above sea with a thickness of 12 feet. The thin coal 

 accompanying the limestone, the "Scrubgrass" of Pennsylvania 

 and the " Canfield cannel " of Ohio, lies immediately beneath it at 

 1103 above sea. In the drain ditch leading to the tunnel and 

 110 yards distant the same coal lies at 1120^ feet above sea, the 

 limestone making an equal rise. This is the greatest elevation at 

 which the coal was found. In the highway 150 yards south of 

 the northwest corner of the quarry the greatest height of the 

 limestone is found at 1138 feet above sea, but the limestone is 16 

 feet thick at this point. The average elevation is about 1128 

 feet above sea, and the average thickness about 11 feet. 



As seen at the tunnel mouth the lower 8 feet of the limestone 

 have a dark blue color and are less pure than the upper part. 

 The upper 1 feet are a much lighter blue, purer and lie in better 

 defined beds than the lower part. As seen in the southwest cor- 

 ner of the quarry the first 3 feet 5 inches of the limestone are 

 shaly, blue in color and becoming firmer toward the top. The 

 next 4 feet 4 inches are bluish-gray, darker below and lighter 

 above, and in 4 fairly definite layers. The upper 8 feet 2 inches 

 are gray with a bluish tint below, and in 1 1 fairly definite layers 

 but not generally continuous. They often split into more 

 layers, are only fairly tough and break into rather cubical blocks. 



This limestone as it occurs at Lowellville is exceedingly fos- 

 siliferous and contains more species of fossils than any of the 

 other limestones or possibly more than all the others combined. 

 It is especially rich in gasteropods. 



At every point where the top of this stratum is exposed it 

 shows the smoothing, scratching, and grooving of glacial action. 

 This limestone has been quarried for many years for use in the 

 furnaces, and at present is being quarried extensively on the 

 W. M. Arel farm. 



One-half mile south of the quarry on the T. M. Moore farm 

 openings in the Lower Kittanning coal may be seen at 1177 feet 

 above sea. Considerable coal was formerly mined for local use 

 but the mines have long since been abandoned. The entire 

 interval between the top of the limestone and the top of this 

 coal is covered. 



The several horizons of limestone occurring below the Lower 

 Kittanning coal down to, and including the Lower Mercer have 

 been considered at numerous points across the two counties. 

 We may now turn to a consideration of an earlier Pennsylvanian 

 limestone than the Lower Mercer, the presence of which has been 

 noted at several points. As stated at the beginning of the Low- 

 ellville section this limestone is seen in the ravine bed about 

 midway between the furnaces and the switch leading to the 

 quarry and at its highest point is 912 feet above sea. It lies 83 



