Feb., 1911.] The Blister Rust of White Pine. 285 



The deposits of borax, saltpetre, etc., in the Atacama desert 

 and vicinity are of post-Tertiary age and are thought to have 

 been foniied by the deposition of the salts, contained in an inclosed 

 portion of the sea, as the water evaporated. 



Quaternary. Glacial drift (Pleistocene) occurs from Terra del 

 Fucgo northward at least to 41° S. latitude, while alpine glacia- 

 tion occurs as far north as 9° vS. latitude. "Besides the true 

 glacial deposits and the asolian formations of loess and loam, 

 there exists in South America, especially on the high plateau of 

 Bolivia, lake deposits of great extent. "-^^ 



Terraces and tuff deposits, analogous to those of the Great 

 Basin region of North America, are well developed. Over the 

 high lands of central Brazil and in Paraguay, river gravels and 

 silts, similar to those of the Columbia formation, are also well 

 developed, while the low plains and swamps are covered by 

 allu^■ium.•^^ 



58. Steinmann, Gustav, loc. cit., p. 860. 



59. Evans, }. W., Ouart.Jour. Geol. Soc. London, Vol. L. 1894, pp. 

 98, 99. 



Chicago, 1909. 



THE BLISTER RUST OF WHITE PINE fPERIDERMIUM 

 STROBI KLEBAHN) FOUND IN OHIO.* 



A. D. Sf.lby. 



Alany are fainiliar with Circular 3S, Bureau of Plant Industry, 

 U.S. Department of Agriculture, issued in August, 1909, warning 

 growers and importers of white pine seedlings that the blister 

 rust of this species had been introduced into New York state and 

 probably into Pennsylvania. This rust fungus, (Peridermium 

 strobi Klebahn) has been found by rust specialists to be one 

 stage of the blister rust of ctirrants and gooseberries, (Cronartium 

 ribicola Fisch. de Waldh.). The rust has long been of special 

 interest in Europe, and particularly in Germany, because of its 

 apparent preference to the American white pine, (Pinus strobus) 

 as the host plant for the aecidial or ijeridermium stage. Now by 

 one of these biological transferences, we have this particular rust 

 fungus, heretofore unknown in America, brought back to the 

 native home of the white pine. We have in this fact a situation 

 which may be a serious drawback to the future successful culture 

 of white pine in North America. Just how serious the drawback 

 will finally prove cannot now be determined. 



* Presented at the Akron meeting of the Ohio Acad, of Sci., Nov. 25, 

 1910. 



