Dec, 1911.] The Classification of Plants, VII. 413 



Sy)iopsls. 

 I. Inflorescence not a typical spadix. 



1. Leaves usually plicate and more or less split at maturity. 



a. Carpels free or united, usually 3, forming a unilocular 



or plurilocular ovulary with one ovule for each 

 carpel. Palmales. 



b. Carpels united; ovulary unilocular with numerous 



seeds on 2 or 4 parietal placentae. Cyclanthales. 



2. Leaves linear or sword-shaped, not plicate and not splitting 



at maturity; flowers monecious, spikate or capitate, 



Pandanales. 

 XL Inflorescence a fleshy spadix, with or without a spathe; or 

 minute plants without leaves floating free, the flowers few 

 or solitary on the modified stem. Arales. 



GLUMIFLORAE. 



Usually grass-like herbs or rarely woody plants with hypo- 

 gynous, inconspicuous flowers; carpels united, with 3-1 stigmas; 

 perianth of G-2 chaffy segments, or none; inflorescence usually 

 consisting of spikelets or spikes; endosperm mealy or starchy. 



Synopsis. 



I. Ovulary 3-1-locular; ovules solitary in the cavities, ortho- 



tropous, pendulous. Restionales. 



II. Ovulary unilocular, l-o\'uled, ovules anatropous, erect or 



ascending. Graminales. 



LILIIFLORAE. 



Herbs, sometimes shrubs, lianas or trees, usually with prom- 

 inent flowers, with showy petals or staminodes, hypogynous or 

 epigynous, solitary or clustered; carpels 3 or sometimes 2, united; 

 flowers pentacyclic and trimerous or some modification of this 

 type, usually bisporangiate but occasionally monecious or diecious, 

 actinomorphic in the lower and prominently zygomorphic in the 

 higher types; endosperm mealy, fleshy, or homy, sometimes none. 



Synopsis. 



I. Flowers hypogynous, seeds -with endospemi. Liliales. 

 II. Flowers partly or completely epigynous. 



1. Seeds with endosperm. 



a. Flowers mostly regular. Iridales. 



b. Flowers very irregular, usually zygomorphic. 



Scitaminales. 



2. Seeds without endosperm, very numerous and minute; 



flowers usually irregular and zygomorphic. Orchidales. 



