Dec, 1911.] The Classification of Plants, VII. 415 



Synopsis. 



I. Carpels free or united, spiral or cyclic. 



1. Endosperm usually little or none; leaves mostly with 



stipules; carpels spiral or cyclic, often reduced to one, 



usually free or only slightly united, with a few evident 

 exceptions. Resales. 



2. Endospemi present and usually copious; leaves usually 



without stipules; carpels cyclic, free or united, some- 

 times slightly epigynous. Saxifragales. 

 II. Carpels united, cyclic. 



1. Hypanthium tubular or urn-shaped, often constricted 



above and enclosing the ripe fruit; endosperm commonly 

 little or none. Thymeleales. 



2. Receptacle developing a glandular, annular, or turgid 



disk which is somewhat united with the perianth or 

 ovulary, endosperm present or none. Celastrales. 



3. Disk tumid, united with the perianth, sometimes reduced; 



endosperm usually none. Sapindales. 



AMENTIFERAE. 



Mostly trees or shi-ubs with hypogynous or perigynous flowers, 

 commonly in aments or ament-like clusters; flowers mostly 

 apetalous or naked, generally monecious or diecious. 



Synopsis. 



I. Flowers not in typical aments, often in pendant heads or 

 ament-like spikes or clusters; usually monosporangiate. 



1. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite. 



a. Stamens alternate with the petals (when present), 



or numerous; perianth sometimes none. Platanales. 



b. Stamens mostly 4, opposite the usually 4 sepals. 



(a) Calyx not petaloid. Urticales. 



(b) Calyx petaloid; stamens usually united with 



the sepals. Proteales. 



2. Leaves whorled, reduced to scales, ovulary unilocular 



with two ovules. Casuarinales. 

 II. Flowers, at least the staminate ones, in aments, mono- 

 sporangiate. 



1. Seeds not with a tuft of hairs, fruit a typical or modified 



nut, achene or samara; plants monecious or diecious. 



a. Fruit 2-or more-seeded, ovules with 1 integiunent. 



Balanopsidales. 



b. Fniit usually 1 seeded. Fagales. 



2. Seeds with a tuft of hairs at one end; several in the capsule; 



flowers diecious without perianth; leaves usually alter- 

 nate. Salicales. 



