A.pril, 1912.] Entomophilous Flowers of Cedar Point. 501 



quent visitors. A comparison with the observations of Bem- 

 bower, made in the summer of 1910, shows a remarkable but not 

 unexpected contrast in the type of insect visitors noted. The 

 shorter-tongued flies and the flower beetles (Donacia and Dia- 

 brotica) were not observed on the flowers under consideration in 

 this report, while in the white and yellow forms studied by Bem- 

 bower these were almost invariable visitors. Undoubtedly some 

 of the flowers under consideration are hymenopterid flowers, that 

 is, flowers modified especially for the Hymenoptera. Knuth 

 states (Hand-book of Insect Pollination, Vol. 1, p. 117) that in 

 the case of flowers with completely concealed nectar, accessible 

 to bees, similarly colored species are in flgjvq:; tog'ether. This 

 was especially noteworthy in the case Of Stachys, Teucrium, 

 Verbena, and Mimulus, as described below. 



Nearly all the species observed were found to be protandrous, 

 which appears to be a common method for preventing self-pollin- 

 ation in entomophilous flowers. 



Labiatae (Mint family.) 

 Blephilia ciliata. 



Found here, growing in communities closely associated with 

 Nepeta cataria (catnip) this bluish-purple flower, though small in 

 size, the corolla tube being about 9 mm. in length, is conspicuous 

 because of the dense, globose whorls of the inflorescence. The 

 corolla is nearly equally two-lipped; the upper lip entire, the lower 

 three-cleft, the lateral lobes rounded and longer than the middle 

 one. The throat of the corolla tube is dilated and here are found 

 the style and anthers, the fonner slightly exceeding the latter 

 in length. 



Visitors — Diptera; Syritta pipiens; Hymenoptera; Micro- 

 bembex monodonta, Agapostemon radiatus, A. splendens, Odyn- 

 erus forminata, Bombus virginicus, B. fervidus, Megachile lati- 

 manus: Lepidoptera; Pieris rapae. 



Stachys tenuifolia, var. aspera. 



Found along the shores of the coves and marshes, closely 

 associated with Teucrium. The lilac or pinkish corolla is bila- 

 biate, the upper lip arched and entire, the lower lip longer and 

 spreading, three-lobed, with the middle lobe entire and marked 

 by a darker colored nectar guide. Nectar is secreted at the base 

 of the ovulary and stored in the smooth lower part of the corolla 

 tube, which is 8 mm. long. The flowers are protandrous. The 

 four stamens are in two pairs of unequal length, the outer dehis- 

 cing first, followed by the shorter, inner pair. The former then 

 diverge so that they project laterally between the lips of the 

 corolla. The style elongates with age, so that the stigma lobes 

 are brought to the mouth of the flower, thus receiving pollen from 

 the dorsiun of the larger insect visitors. 



