April, 1912.] Entomophilous Flowers of Cedar Point. 503 



groove in the basal part of the lip. The corolla tube is short, 

 being about 4 mm. in length, and the nectar is more accessible than 

 in the other species under consideration. Microbembex mono- 

 donta, which was the most frequent visitor, either alighted in the 

 lower lip thus coming in contact with the anther lobes facing 

 inward, or alighting on the upper lip reaching the nectar by crawl- 

 ing down with in\'erted body, thus touching the anther lobes on 

 the ends of the filaments. 



Visitors — Coleoptera; Anomala lucicola: Lepidoptera; Pieris 

 rapae; Diptcra: Syritta pipiens, Tropidia quadrata, Lucilia 

 caesar: Hymenoptera; Microbembex monodonta, Agapostemon 

 radiatus, Andrena sp., Megachile latimanus. 



Scrophulariaceae (Figwort family.) 



Minulus ringens. 



This rather conspicuous blue flower is found in the marshes 

 along the bay shores of Cedar Point. The corolla is irregular 

 bi-labiate, with a narrow tubular throat 15 mm. in length; the 

 upper lip bi-lobed and erect, the lower lip three-lobed and spread- 

 ing, the middle lobe with a yellow platform or palate which par- 

 tially guards the entrance to the corolla tube. The stamens are 

 arranged as in Stachys. The style, which exceeds the outer 

 stamens in length, lies between the inner pair and bears a bi-lobed 

 plate-like stigma. No evidences of protandry or protogyny were 

 noted, but the action of the irritable stigma renders this unneces- 

 sary, for an insect forcing its way into the flower, first comes in 

 contact with the stigmatic lobes, and these being irritable close, 

 preventing self-pollination . 



ViTiSTORS — Diptera; S3^ritta pipiens, Allograpta obliqua, Sphaer- 

 ophora cylindrica, Syrphus americana: Lepidoptera; Papilio 

 philenor, Epargyreus tityrus: Hymenoptera; Microbembex mono- 

 donta, Agapostemon splendens, A. radiatus, Ceratina dupla, 

 Bombus virginicus, B. americanorum, Megachile latimanus. 



Verbenaceae (Vervain family.) 



Verbena hastata. 



This well-known herb, the "Simpler's Joy", decorates the 

 sedge communities along the cove shore with its slender spikes of 

 small blue flowers. The corolla tube is about 4 mm. in length, 

 with a distinct curve so that the upper part of the tube lies hori- 

 zontal, affording both nectar and pollen protection from dew 

 and rain. 



The limb of the corolla is five-lobed, the lower three lobes 

 slightly exceeding the upper two. The throat of the slender 

 corolla tube i= closed by a ring of stifT hairs that efTectually pro- 

 tects against . entrance of creeping forms. The stamens, 



