May, 1912.] .4 Study of Buckeye Lake and Vicinity. 531 



Newark valley had several large pre-glacial tributary valleys. 

 There is one from the northwest and now occupied by Raccoon 

 creek, which near its mouth must have been of the nature of a 

 gorge, bordered on cither side by rock hills ^ of a mile apart ; and 

 now covered by a thin drift mantle. Two well records in the 

 center of the valley at the mouth or point where the pre-glacial 

 tributary joined the Newark valley show that bed rock has been 

 excavated to 436 and 427 feet above sea level, 444 and 453 feet 

 respectively below the present surface level. The valley of the 

 tributary broadens abruptly from this point into that of the 

 Newark river. Farther south is a tributary from the northwest. 

 This valley is now occupied by the South Fork of the Licking 

 river. It trends almost due east, then turns abruptly to the 

 southeast and must have entered the Newark valley near the 

 Bloody Run Swamp, where it suddenly widens. From the east 

 Newark valley received a large branch which is now occupied in 

 part by the eastern portion of Buckeye Lake and in part by the 

 western portion of the now eastward flowing Jonathan creek. It is 

 very evident from an inspection of the region and a study of the 

 topographic maps of the Thorn ville and Zanesville quadrangles, 

 that Jonathan creek is a composite stream. ^'^ That part of the 

 creek west of its union Avith Turkey Run flows in a larger, more 

 open and older valley than that immediately to the east of this 

 point. In the eastern portion to within a mile of Fultonham the 

 stream flows in a narrow gorge like valley between rock hills. 

 Turkey Run, a tributary from the south, flows northwest, which 

 is almost at right angles to the course of Jonathan creek, then near 

 its outlet makes a decided curve, turning north and then east, 

 following closely the base of the hills, before it joins the larger stream. 

 The valley of the headwaters of Jonathan creek broadens toward the 

 west. A mile east of Thomville station it is 2 miles wide. Valley 

 Run, its largest tributary from the north, also occupies a valley 

 out of proportion to the size of the present stream. Moreover it 

 comes in from the northeast and joins Jonathan creek headed or 

 pointed up stream. These data seem sufficient on which to base 

 the conclusion that the western portion of Jonathan creek is flow- 

 ing with reversed current in an old valley, (a valley whose maturity 

 suggest that it is at least pre-Wisconsin, probably pre-Illinoian.) 

 This valley continues westward to its union with Newark valley, 

 at the northern margin of the lake and about a mile west of the 

 Buckeye Lake terminal of the Ohio Electric railway. A gas well 

 record in this field bordering the lake at this point shows that the 

 rock floor has been excavated to 450 feet above sea level, 442 feet 

 below the level of the lake. This is the deepest record found close 

 to the lake and indicates the location of the outlet of the ancient 

 tributarv. 



16. Davis, H. J. Modification in the Jonathan creek drainage basin. Bull. Den. University 

 U: 16.5-173. Mar. 1899. 



