5i6 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. XV, No. 7, 



If X = 11 and2x = 22; 



2,048 kinds of gametes possible, 

 4,194,304 combinations, 

 representing 176,247 constitutions. 



If X = 12 and 2x = 24; 



4,09(3 kinds of male or female gametes possible, 

 16,777,216 combinations, 



representing 528,741 actual constitutions, or over half a 

 million. 



The presence of an allosome, which may contain hereditary 

 factors, complicates the results of Mendelian segregation and 

 probably is the cause, at least in many cases, of sex-hmited char- 

 acters. That the factors are not to be regarded as sex-linked 

 becomes obvious in such a case as color-blindness in man. For 

 there are both color-blind men and women, but thru the reduction 

 mechanism by which the allosomes are segregated and the new 

 combinations brought about during fertilization, thru the in- 

 fluence of the sex determination of the egg, it happens that many 

 more males show the color blind character than females. If we 

 assume differential attraction between eggs and spenns and if 

 there is an accessory chromosome or allosome in man and if the 

 factor for color-blindness is associated with this chromosome, then 

 it would follow that a color blind man mated with a normal 

 woman could have no color-blind children because the two types 

 of eggs would be normal and the egg detennined as female would 

 attract the spemis containing the allosome (i. e. having the color- 

 blind factor) and this would give but a single dose which is not 

 sufficient to produce the color-blind character in the female. 

 The egg determined with male condition would attract only sperms 

 without the allosome; therefore, all the males would be normal, 

 but the color-blind female having a double dose would produce 

 eggs, all of which, whether detennined as male or female, would 

 have the color-blind factor in the allosome, and if mated with 

 normal, the sons would all be color-blind, because a single dose 

 produces the color-blind character under the influence of the 

 male condition. The daughters would be nomial having only a 

 single dose, which as stated, is not sufficient to develop the color- 

 blind character in the presence of the female condition in the 

 cells of the body. These suppositions agree with the observed 

 facts. It also comes about that in hybridizing individuals, 

 which may have a specific factor in the allosome, different degrees 

 of the character may be shown because a double dose may give a 

 greater degree of the character than a single dose. If the male 



