522 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. XV, No. 7, 



a small ravine, a wall of conglomerate may be found opposite 

 slopes covered by weathered Waverly. At the head of the ravine 

 the highest Waverly is almost 100 feet above the level of Pigeon 

 Creek where the conglomerate forms the bed of that stream. 

 Across from this ravine layer after layer of horizontal argillaceous 

 shales and sandstones end abruptly against the fiUing of cross- 

 bedded conglomerate and sandstone. Usually the outer edges 

 of the beds show a slight slumping or bowing downward as if the 

 overlying filling had compressed them after they had been exposed 

 to erosion. The south boundary is less definitely marked but 

 the width is about 200 yards. But a very thin coating and in 

 many places no trace of pebbles may be found outside this channel. 



EVIDENCES POINTING TO A CONTINUOUS STREAM SYSTEM. 



Such sections seem to imply that the pebbles of the conglom- 

 erate were borne largely by strong surging currents restricted with- 

 in the channels themselves. These currents would most likely 

 be found in a continuous system of channels and although hidden 

 in many places by the overlying Pennsylvanian strata, traces of 

 such a system can be found. At Richland Furnace two miles 

 northeast of the conglomerate outcrops last mentioned the coarse 

 sandstone and basal conglomerate lowers from 812 feet above sea 

 level on the west and 762 on the east to below the 700 feet contour. 

 Pebbly beds may be found below the Baltimore and Ohio South- 

 western Railroad at that place, while on either side they rise to 

 the heights mentioned. 



West and south traces of this line of conglomerate filling are 

 exposed along Glade Run, and at Canter's Cave three and a half 

 miles soutwest it forms vertical cliffs from which large caverns 

 have been worn by weathering. Such conglomerate walls con- 

 tinue south to Jackson where they form the well-known Jackson 

 Conglomerate area. The conglomerate there becomes more 

 general but its thickness still varies. 



Tributaries join this system from the west. A definite and 

 well marked line of conglomerate ledges extends northwest for 

 a distance of over seven miles. The present elevation of the bed 

 of this channel above sea level is as follows : 



890 feet at the exposure south of Hay Hollow 

 840 feet at the head of Hay Hollow 

 807 feet in the first large hollow west of Big Rock 

 742 feet at the base of Big Rock 



690 feet at the head of Pigeon Creek where the base of the 

 conglomerate goes under. 



In all, this gives a relief of 200 feet in less than 6 miles. After 

 allowing for the gentle southeast dip of about 25 feet to the mile 

 a gradient of 30 to 50 feet still remains. This conglomerate is 



