Feb., 1913.] The Classification of Plants, VIII. 71 



(b.) Plants with chlorophyll hidden by a brown, 

 red, or purple pigment, always with a multi- 

 cellular body and with sexuality, 

 ((a.)) Mostly marine brown algae with phy- 

 cophaein; isogamous or heterogam- 

 ous, with ciliated sperms, both 

 gametes discharged from the gam- 

 etangia. Phylum 5. Phaeophyta. 

 ((b.)) Mostly marine red algae with phy- 

 coerythrin; heterogamous, with sta- 

 tionary eggs and non-ciliated sperms. 

 Phylum 6. Rhodophyta. 

 b. Filamentous, aquatic, green algae with globular 

 antheridia containing sperm-bearing filaments, 

 the sperms being biciliated; nonsexual spores 

 absent. Phylum 7. Charophyta. 

 (2.) Plants without chlorophyll and with a true mycelium: 

 sexual reproduction if present without motile sperms; 

 sometimes with an alternation of generations. 



Phylum 8. Mycophyta. 



B. Plant body a solid aggregate, if filamentous, only so in the embryonic 

 condition; ovary an archegonium, if a reduced archegonium then 

 the plants seed-bearing; always with an antithetic alternation of 

 generations in the normal life cycle. 



I. Without vascular tissue; sphorophyte parasitic on the gametophyte 



during its entire life; homosprous; small plants without roots or 

 true leaves. Phylum 9. Bryophyta. 



II. Always with vascular tissue in the sporophyte which becomes an 



independent plant at maturity, with roots and leaves except in a 

 few degenerate forms. 



1. Sporophyte not seed-producing, the sperms breaking out of 



the antherifdum to enter the necks of the archegonia; 

 homosporous or heterosporous. 



a. Sperms comparatively large, multiciliate; ' the 



sporophylls not in cones unless the sporophytes 



have jointed stems and small whorled leaves. 



(a.) Stems not jointed, the leaves usually large 



and compound and spirally arranged, rarely 



in whorles; sporophylls never in cones. 



Phylum 10. Ptenophyta. 



(b.) Stems jointed and fluted, bearing small, 



whorled leaves; sporophylls in cones. 



Phylum 11. Calamophyta. 



b. Sperms small, biciliate; the leaves small and sim- 



ple, covering the continuous stem in spirals or 

 sometimes opposite; sporophylls usually in cones 

 or sometimes forming zones alternating with the 

 sterile leaves. Phylum 12. Lepidophyta. 



2, Sporophyte producing seeds, the female gametophyte 



always parasitic in the megasporangium (ovule) during 

 its entire life, the male gametophyte developing a pollen- 

 tube through which the sperms are discharged; always 

 heterosporous. 



a. Carpels (megasporophylls) open, without stigmas 

 or true ovularies, the ovules and seeds naked and 

 the pollen (male gametophytes) falling directly 

 into the micropjde. 



