io8 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. XIII, No. 6, 



II. With dwarf branches. 



1. Dwarf branches persistent; leaves numerous, ordinary branches 



also with leaves. 

 (1). Leaves evergreen. Cedrus. Cedar. 

 (2). Leaves deciduous each year. 



a. Carpels persistent. Larix. Larch. 



b. Carpels deciduous. Pseudolarix. False Larch. 



2. Dwarf branches deciduous (self-pruned); leaves few; ordinary 



branches with scale leaves only. Pinus Pine. 



JUNIPERACE^. 



1. Cones woody, at the ends of ordinary leafy branches. 



CUPRESSAT^. 



(1). Carpels imbricate, not shield-shaped. 



a. Carpels with 4-5 seeds. Thujopsis. 



b. Carpels with 1-3 (usually 2) seeds. 



(a). Carpels 6-8, the four upper fertile. 



Thuja. Arborvitae. 

 (b). Carpels 4-6, the two upper fertile. Libocedrus. 

 (2). Carpels valvate, not shield-shaped. 



a. Carpellate cones with numerous sterile bracts at the 



base. Actinostrobus. 



b. Carpellate cones with the upper set of carpels seed- 



bearing, the lower sterile. Fitzroya. 



c. Carpellate cones with 4 carpels, without sterile bracts- 

 at the base. Callitris (including Widdringtonia). 



(3). Carpels shield-shaped. 



a. Carpels with several seeds. Cupressus. Cypress. 



b. Carpels with 2 seeds. Chamaecyparis. White-cedar. 



2. Cones fleshy when mature, at the ends of short or axillary 



branches, juniperat^. Juniperus. Juniper. 



PODOCARPACE^. 



1. Seed more or less inverted, at least in the incipient stage. 



(1). Both stamens and carpels in definite cones. 



a. Leaves flat, needle-shaped; carpels spirally arranged; 



monecious. Saxegothaea. 



b. Leaves opposite, scale-like appressed; carpels in whorls 

 of 4; diecious. Microcachrys. 



(2). Carpels 1 or few, not in a definite cone. 



a. Seed completely inverted, all the parts of the carpel 



grown together. Podocarpus. 



b. Seed only partly inverted, outer bract of the carpel not 

 united with the seed. Dacrydium. 



2. Seed erect; leaves scale-like; shrubs. Pherosphaera. 



TAXACE^. 



1. Carpel with 2 ovules. Cephalotaxus. 



2. Carpel reduced, ovule L 



a. Carpellate flowers two together; seed closely invested by 



the outer fleshy layer; matured female gametophyte 

 grooved. Torreya. 



b. Carpellate flowers usually solitary; seed surrounded by a free 



aril; matured female gametophyte even. Taxus. _^ Yew. 



