232 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. XIV, No. 3, 



Between the top of this bed and the base of the Tetradium 

 reef are about twenty feet of more or less even bedded limestones 

 and shales, so we thus see that there are, here at least, as much as 

 twenty-three feet of Whitewater strata beneath the base of the 

 Saluda. Even should we base the Saluda with the lower Colum- 

 naria reef at Madison, the result would be but little change, and 

 nowhere could the Saluda be said to be beneath the Whitewater. 



Above the Tetradium level at Madison are 37'-40' of massive, 

 typical Saluda strata, almost wholly barren of fossils except near 

 the top. As one goes north the strata immediately above the 

 basal reef becomes more fossiliferous, the best localities for collect- 

 ing being near Hamburg, Ind., and Oxford, O., at the latter place 

 being 3' thick. The fauna is characterized by the scarcity of 

 Brachiopoda and Bryozoa, and includes Leperditia appressa, L. 

 cylindrica, L. caecigena, Ceratopsis chamersi, Eurychilina 

 striatomarginata, Primitia glabra and Tetradella simplex, the 

 first four of these ostracods being recurrent Trenton -species. 

 Other fossils are Byssonychia grandis, B. richmondensis, several 

 species each of Cyrtoceras and Orthoceras, Tryblidium indianense, 

 etc., etc. Fragments of a large Euryteroid are found, and 

 remains of plants are occasionally found. 



Everything in these strata points to a shallowness of the sea, 

 and a nearness to land, and it is hoped that there will be found in 

 these rocks some definite information as to the nature of the land 

 life of the closing Ordovician. 



Above the Saluda type limestones in the Oxford region are 

 about 10' of thin limestones and shales, sometimes just crowded 

 full of Bryozoa, mostly several species of Homotrypa, including 

 H. wortheni. It is the Bryozoa from these beds that have given 

 the name Coral Banks to the dump from the R. R. cut above 

 Oxford. 



West of Cross Plains about one and a half miles, nine miles 

 south of Versailles, a second Tetradium horizon appears, only 

 this "reef" has in places as much Labechia as Tetradium. At 

 Cooper's Falls, four miles south of Versailles, it occurs in the 

 breast of the first little fall below the road, is only 1' thick, and 

 is about 30' above the top of the lower reef. 



This horizon was not seen at Versailles, but doubtless closer 

 examination would show it. It occurs, however, at all other localities 

 as far north as Laurel and as far eastward as a number of exposures 

 on little tributaries of Indian Creek, three miles west of 

 Oxford, O. In this latter region the Labechia is absent, and the 

 Tetradium forms a definite, hard, massive reef, in places two and 

 one-half feet thick. Most of the colonies are upside down, giving 

 evidence of wave action upon this ancient reef, much as upon the 

 reefs in the present coral seas. 



