286 ON SOME TREMATODE PARASITES OF AUSTRALIAN FROGS, 



Loschge(56), in 1785, published in " Naturforscher" a descrip- 

 tion and figure of a trematode from the bladder of the green water- 

 frog, which Zeder( 1 03) named Distomum cygnoides. In 1787, 

 Goeze( 2 1 ) described Diplodiscus suhclavahis as Planaria f<ub- 

 clavatn. 



The next frog-trematode to appear in literature is Opisthio- 

 glyphe endoloba, which Froelich(20), in 1792, included with Diplo- 

 discus subclavatns under the name FascioJa i-ancr. Rudolphi 

 referred Froelich's Fasciola ranoe to his own Distomiim clavigerum, 

 and, in this, was followed by a number of later writers, e.g., 

 Dujardin and Diesing. Dujardin found the real 0. endoloba, 

 however, and recognising it as distinct from D. clavigerum, de- 

 scribed it, in 1845(18), as Distomum endolobnm,. 



Pneumonoeces variegatus was known to Zeder, who, howevei', 

 failing to perceive its ventral sucker, classed it as a Monostomum, 

 describing it{103) as Monostoma bombyntp. Rudolphi(79) also at 

 first failed to detect the ventral sucker, and changed Zeder's 

 species-name into ellipticum.. Later(80), recognising the ventral 

 sucker in some worms from a similar source, he described it as 

 Distom,um variegntum,. 



In his "Entozoorum .... historia naturalis," the most im- 

 portant work on Entozoa up to that time, Rudolphi gave a 

 description of six species of trematodes from frogs — M. ellipticum, 

 A. siibclavatum, D. cygnoides, D. crassicnlle(ir om the Salamander), 

 D. cylindraceui7i and P. intege7'rimum[ while in 1819(80) he 

 added D. variegatum and D. clavigerum. Diesing, in his com- 

 prehensive work(17), gave a description of all these, as well as 

 D. e.ndolobum. and D. retusiim. 



Tn 1860, Vulpian(lOO) described Halipegtis ovocaudatus, from 

 the buccal cavity of frogs, as Distomum ovocaudatnm. Ols.son(70), 

 in 1878, described, as new, three frog-trematodes — D. vitellilobum, 

 D. rastellns and D. medians, the last of which alone has proved 

 to be an independent species. 



Sixteen years later, Looss published his fine work(48) on the 

 Distomidai of Fishes and Frogs, giving very complete accounts of 

 the anatomy of eight species of trematodes fiom frogs, and defin- 



