FIGURES 

 Fi gure Page 



1 Coastal regions as defined in the text 2 



2 Flow chart of the methods of investigation 6 



3 Locations where questionnaires were sent and personal inter- 

 views conducted 7 



4 Shoreline structures data base - System 2C00 8 



5 A small naturally protected harbor at Port Orford, Oregon is 

 provided waved protection by a connected dogleg breakwater . . 11 



6 Protection for the Shilshole Marina is afforded by the off- 

 shore breakwater 12 



7 A floating breakwater shelters a marina in Yaquina Bay, 



Oregon 13 



8 Cross-sectional view of typical submerged and emergent rubble- 

 mound breakwaters 15 



9 This unconventional zig-zag breakwater design has performed 

 well and has stopped further erosion of the bluff at this 



site 16 



10 Cross-sectional view of a tethered floating breakwater .... 17 



11 Tribar, a precast, reinforced concrete structure used as fac- 

 ing on breakwaters and jetties 21 



12 The dotted lines show typical areas of erosion and sand 

 accumulation behind attached doglet and detached solid 

 breakwaters 23 



13 Jetties at mouth of Coquille River, Bandon, Oregon 27 



14 Dolosses are being installed as protective facing on this 



rubble mound jetty in Humboldt Bay, California 30 



15 Concrete groins at the base of a revetment on the Gulf coast 



of Florida 35 



16 Timber pile groins, Puget Sound, Washington 36 



17 Rubble mound groin in the southeastern United States 37 



18 Gabions are used to construct groins on the Great Lakes. ... 39 



19 Side view of an impermeable groin 40 



20 Prefabricated permeable groin 41 



21 Waves breaking against the concrete bulkhead bordering the 

 causeway in Apalachicola Bay, Florida 46 



22 Wooden sheet pile bulkhead at low tide 47 



23 Concrete seawall in Florida 50 



24 Concrete bulkhead on Fidalgo Island, Washington 50 



25 Bulkhead constructed of a series of wood piles 51 



26 Wooden sheet pile bulkhead along the Gulf coast of Florida . . 51 



27 Side view of a typical sheet pile bulkhead 52 



28 Old bulkhead line on a beach that has continued to erode in 



Skunk Bay, Washington 54 



29 This riprap revetment functions to limit erosion of the park- 

 ing lot at the Kingston, Washington ferry terminal 59 



30 Riprap revetment protects the U.S. Coast Guard Light Station 



at Point No Point, Washington 60 



31 Concrete revetment along U.S. Highway 98 in the vicinity of 



Port St. Joe, Florida 61 



VI 



