Figure Page 



32 Failure of this interlocking concrete block revetment was 

 primarily due to settling and erosion of supporting beach 

 material 63 



33 Pictured is a junk car revetment in Florida 65 



34 Profile of a revetment 67 



35 A Nami Ring revetment was constructed in 1974 at Little 

 Girls Point on Lake Superior as part of the Michigan State 

 Demonstration Erosion Control Program 69 



36 An interlocking concrete block revetment forms a checkerboard 

 pattern on the shoreline 69 



37 An elaborate launching ramp in Coos Bay, Oregon 75 



38 A simple launching ramp in the vicinity of Panama City, 



Florida 76 



39 Marine way at Point No Point beach resort in Puget Sound, 

 Washington 79 



40 Floating pier at Kingston Marina, Kingston, Washington .... 81 



41 Piling in Key West, Florida supports navigational aids .... 82 



42 Open-pile pier near Hansville, Washington 83 



43 Gribble damage to a mooring dolphin in Key West, Florida can 



be seen near the water level 84 



44 Cross-sectional view of a typical pier 86 



45 Submerged structures offer substrate for the attachment of 

 various types of marine organisms 89 



46 Crescent City, California inner boat basin 93 



47 Winchester Bay, Oregon 94 



48 Charleston Harbor, Oregon 95 



49 Many of the older bridges (top, center) along the Overseas 

 Highway to Key West, Florida, are being replaced by new 

 structures (bottom) 100 



50 A bridge and causeway system crosses Apalachicola Bay on 



the Gulf coast of Florida 101 



51 A silt curtain is used to contain sediment produced by 



causeway work on the Overseas Highway in Florida 102 



52 The Roberts Bank Causeway in British Columbia effectively 

 diverts Fraser River silt laden water away from the 



shoreline 105 



53 Four different marina designs in Puget Sound, Washington . . . 108 



54 Tillamook jetties, Tillamook Bay, Oregon 110 



55 Cross-sectional view of a causeway constructed with fill 

 material from a nearby borrow area 121 



56 A 40-in (1-m) Longard tube groin at Sanilac site 130 



57 Sandbag groin at Sanilac site, showing loss of sandbags at 



lake end 131 



58 Gabion groin at Sanilac site 132 



59 Rock mastic groin at Sanilac site 133 



60 The number of references by structure category and rating 



that contained information relevant to the present study . . . 138 



61 The number of references by coastal region and structure 

 that contained information that was relevant to the present 



study 139 



vn 



