WATER 



EDUCTOR 



WATER 

 BASE 

 DISPERSANT 



WATER STREAM 

 — — 9.-~-T WATER COMPATIBLE 



9 9 * 



SURFACTANT 



OIL 



-*-4^**S 



T*-lr " " 



EDUCTOR 



WATER 



OIL COMPATIBLE SURFACTANT 

 'TIED UP' IN SOLVENT- 

 IN-WATER EMULSION 



SOLVENT \£r# ^ 

 DROPLETS T \ 



Figure 2. 



OIL 

 BASF 

 DISPERSANT 



Effect of eduction application with water- and solvent-based dispersants 



The prompt application of mixing energy after the dispersant (solvent 

 or water base) has been applied is particularly important. In essence, small 

 oil droplets must be produced while the immediate water environment is sur- 

 factant-rich. 



FEDERAL POLICY 



The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan 

 published in the 10 February 1975 issue of the Federal Register (Council 

 on Environmental Quality 1975), contains the Federal policy on the use of 

 dispersing agents. According to this policy, dispersing agents may be used 

 in any place, at any time, and in quantities designated by the On-Scene Coor- 

 dinator when their use will: 



1. "In the judgement of the On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) prevent 

 or substantially reduce hazard to human life or limb or sub- 

 stantially reduce explosion or fire hazard to property." It 

 is important to note that the authorization for dispersants 

 rests, in this case, with the On-Scene Coordinator, whether 

 an EPA or U.S. Coast Guard official. 



2. "In the judgement of the EPA RRT member on a case-by-case 



basis, in consultation with appropriate state or Federal agencies, 

 prevent or reduce a substantial hazard to a major segment of 

 the population of vulnerable species of waterfowl." In this 

 case, the EPA RRT member is the authorizing official. However, 

 the EPA individual must consult with officials of other Federal 

 or State agencies, such as fish and game or public health organi- 

 zations; or 



102 



