Feb., ll)17j The Crowfoot Family in Ohio 117 



1. Hydrastis canadensis L. Golden-seal. About 6 in. 

 tall. Lower leaf long-petioled, 5-9 lobed; upper leaf sub- 

 tending the flower. Filaments flattened. Fruit ovoid. Rich 

 woods. General. 



Actaea L. Baneberry. 



Erect perennial herbs, with ternately compound leaves and 



terminal racemes of white flowers. Sepals 4 or 5, petaloid, 



deciduous; petals very small, flat, clawed, narrow; stamens 



numerous with slender filaments; carpels united, forming a 



single ovulary; stigma sessile, 2-lobed. Fruit a berry. 



1. Pedicels slender, fruit red. A. rubra. 

 1. Pedicels stout, fruit white. A. alba. 



1. Actaea rubra (L.) Wild. Red Baneberry. Tall herbs, 

 1-3 ft. high. Lower leaves long petioled, decompound, 

 divisions ovate, incised. Pedicels slender. Open woods. San- 

 dusky, Erie. 



2. Actaea alba (L.) Mill. White Baneberry. Leaflets 

 more deeply incised than preceding species; lowest ultimate 

 leaflet may be compounded. Pedicels as thick as peduncles. 

 Open woods. General. 



Cimicifuga L. Bugbane. 



Tall, erect perennial herbs, with large ternately decompound 

 leaves and white flowers in terminal compound racemes. 

 Sepals 4 or 5, petaloid, deciduous; petals 1-8, minute, clawed, 

 2-lobed; stamens numerous; carpels 1-8, forming pods. 

 Open woods. 



1. Cimicifuga recemosa (L.) Nutt. Black Cohosh. Slender, 

 3-8 ft. tall. Divisions of leaves ovate or oblong, cleft. 

 Racemes densely flowered, conspicuous, 1-23/^ ft. long. 

 Stigmas sessile. Pods oval, beaked. Eastern half of state to 

 Erie, Fairfleld and Clermont Counties. 



Syndesmon Hoffing. Rue-anemone. 



Low, glabrous, perennial herb. Basal leaves slender petioled, 

 ternately compound; stem leaves in a whorl subtending an 

 umbel of white or pinkish flowers; sepals numerous. Achenes. 



1. Syndesmon thalictroides (L.) Hoffm. Rue-anemone. 

 Stems very slender, 4-9 in. high, from a cluster of tuberous 

 roots. Open woods. General and abundant. 



