Mar., 1917] Columbus, Ohio, Quadrangle 149 



the area the same agencies have made sandstone quarrying 

 easy. The sandstone is not nearly as good of its kind as is the 

 limestone. 



Brick and Tile Plants. — The softer beds of the Devonian 

 shales are exposed in several places and have determined the 

 location of a sewer pipe plant in North Columbus and a brick 

 and tile plant on East Fifth Avenue. Both factories find a large 

 local market and do an extensive business. With the develop- 

 ment of the brick industry on an abundant natural resource, and 

 with the exhaustion of the timber has come a change in the 

 kind of buildings from frame to brick houses. There should be 

 much less of the former type of construction and much more 

 of the durable limestone and brick construction in Columbus, 

 and undoubtedly this adjustment will continue. A brick plant 

 and a tile factory are located at Taylor's, some nine or ten miles 

 east of Columbus, where the purple and red soft Bedford 

 shales come to the surface. Another tile factory at Canal 

 Winchester uses the same Bedford formation (Fig. 6). No 

 factories of these kinds occur in the western part of the quad- 

 rangle, because the suitable shales are wanting. Several minor 

 tile- and brick-making establishments are using the glacial 

 drift. Some take it directly from the till plain, others are 

 drawing from glacial kettles which have been more or less filled 

 with clay during post-glacial time. Some plants using the 

 drift are located at Pickerington, in the south part of Columbus, 

 near Greencastle and near Hilliards. 



Tile for draining the nearly level till plain finds considerable 

 market over most of the area. Thus the needs, purely geo- 

 graphic, is readily supplied by using natural resources already 

 in place when the need arose. 



Sand and Gravel. — Sand for building purposes and gravel for 

 wagon and railroad beds are abundant. Outwash deposits 

 occur in and around Columbus and southward in abundance. 

 Others are found along the streams north of the city. Eskers 

 in North Columbus, Pickerington and southwest of Canal 

 Winchester, and kames south of Columbus at Bakers and 

 Spanglers Hills furnish much gravel, easily available. The 

 Hocking Valley railroad company has built a spur to Bakers and 

 expects to remove the whole hill. The demand for both 

 sand and gravel is great in recent years in the building trade, 



