172 The Ohio Journal of Science [Vol. XVII, No. 5, 



material at hand, concluded that the older Ox-bot fly, H. bovis, 

 hitherto supposed to be the common species of both America 

 and Europe, is in realit}^ either a very rare insect in this country 

 or possibly does not occur at all. Aldrich (Cat. N. America 

 Diptera, 1905) states that H. bovis is not positively reported 

 from North America. 



Later investigators have become accustomed to refer to 

 the North American warble fly as H. lineata. 



H. lineata was first described by DeVilliers from Europe. 

 It was later described by Brauer from grubs taken from the 

 back of a Bufi^alo in Colorado. According to Brauer, the 

 species occurs throughout Europe, having been taken in 

 Switzerland, Norway, Crimea, the Balkans, the Caucasus, 

 England, Ireland, Lower and Upper Austria. H. bovis likewise 

 occurs in these regions and also in Styria and Hungary. 



In June, 1910, C. W. Johnson (Psyche, Vol. XVII, p. 231, 

 Dec, 1910) reared an adult fly of H. bovis from a larva collected 

 at Manchester, Vt. In 1912, Dr. S. Hadwen (Bulletin 16, 

 Health of Animals Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture, 

 pp. 20, plate 9) announced the common occurrence of H. bovis 

 at Agassiz, B. C, and in 1914, Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt (Canadian 

 Entomology, Vol. XLVI, pp. 1-2) reported that he had examined 

 specimens of this species from Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, 

 Alberta and Saskatchewan, thus indicating a distribution from 

 the Atlantic to the Pacific in Canada. 



In 1915, Bishopp (Annals Ent. Soc. of America, Dec. 1915) 

 reports that probably H. lineata occurs in every state in the 

 Union, although it appears to be more abundant in the southern 

 and central western states; while the so-called European species, 

 H. bovis, predominated over H. lineata both in distribution and 

 abundance in the northeastern states. In the western two- 

 thirds of the United States, H. bovis appears to be found in 

 rather restricted and well separated areas. 



While the warble flies are seen to be very generally dis- 

 tributed over the world, they are not prevalent in every country. 

 Some countries are taking measures to prevent the introduction 

 of warble flies. Australia, for instance, has issued a proclama- 

 tion relating to the importation of cattle from warble infested 

 countries. In order to prevent the introduction of the warble 

 flies, "no cattle shall be imported into Australia from Great 

 Britain, Ireland, the United States of America, or Canada, 

 except those shipped between October and May." 



