BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS, F.G.S., &C. 697 



with such loss of life as in that historical disturbance in 1754, 

 there was considerable destruction of property. The whole of the 

 verdant slopes around the lake were lying desolate and blackened. 

 A dark covering of cinders covered the ground as far as the eye 

 could reach. Thei-e was not a trace of vegetation on the island 

 where I had made extensive botanical collections. Formerly there 

 were many hei'ds of cattle, which, I was informed, were completely 

 destroyed by the eruption before they could be removed. It 

 had no doubt fared badly with the town of Talisay and four or 

 five villages on the north side of the lake. During the height of 

 the eruption the inhabitants had sought safety in flight, leaving 

 their herds and their crops which were nearly all destroyed. From 

 the little tishino; village of Basruni Bavan, a distant view of the 

 island volcano was obtainable. It was emitting very considerable 

 quantities of white smoke with noises and explosions. Though 

 the eruption had very much subsided, yet the emission of ashes 

 and stones was quite perceptible. Even at this time any attempt 

 to approach the volcano would be unsafe. 



From what I could perceive at a distance, the form and 

 appearance of many of the ash cones had been quite changed, and 

 some of them oblitera,ted. I was informed that the interior of 

 the crater had been seen by some daring investigator, and that the 

 green and yellow lakes were nearly obliterated for the time being, 

 and the features of the crater quite changed. The time at my 

 disposal during this second visit was occupied with the mollusca 

 of the rivers, and the marine zoology generally, the results of 

 which are appended. 



I now proceed to describe the geologic features of the island, 

 which will serve to give a better idea of the prehistoric activity of 

 this volcano. 



The island crater is an irregular square but prolonged at three 

 of the angles into diagonal promontories. The north-west and 

 south-western ones are clearly extinct craters. That oia the 

 north-east, or as it is termed Pirac Piraso, at its highest point 

 (Mount Bignay) is about 220 ft. above the level of the lake. The 

 north-western prolongation is named Binintiang jNIalaki. It is a 



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