BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS, P.G.S., &C. 699 



on the south-east side, about 1,000 ft. above the level of the sea. 

 From this point it descends on the north-east and east-south-east 

 to less than half the altitude mentioned. It then rises to the 

 north to a height of about 785 ft. On the north-east side there 

 is a crest with steep sides terminating in an extinct crater named 

 Pinag Ulbuan, of an elevation of about 600 ft. It is about 400 yards 

 in diameter, with a deep channel on the north-east side leading to 

 the lake. On the north side of the island between the volcano and 

 the sea, there are six or seven ridges of ash, and about the same 

 number of mountain peaks, the most important of which are 

 Ragatan and Matas-na-Golod, both between five and six hundred 

 feet above the lake. 



Between the volcano and the north-west angle or Cape named 

 Binintiang Malaki, there isaninterval of about 700 yards, and then 

 the surface rises abruptly into an ancient crater called Balantoc, 

 which is the largest of all the extinct craters, and about half the 

 size of the present active basin. It was evidently at one time a 

 central point of activity. It is elliptical in shape, about 350 ft. 

 high on its eastern side, and with a channel or gorge on the west 

 leading down to the lake. The interior of this crater is very 

 abrupt on the north side, and less so on the south. It is all covered 

 with dense jungle of a kind similar to that described in the crater 

 of Binintiang Malaki, with whose ash deposits those of Mount 

 Balantoc mingle. To the south of the mountain there is a series of 

 small craters called Las Canas. They are seven in number, at 

 least that number have pretty well defined circular forms, but 

 there are others of irregular outline, which seem to have been 

 partially destroyed as new ones were formed. The name Las 

 Canas is derived from the shallow pans which are used in this 

 part of the country for boiling sugar. 



It need scarcely be said that, with a soil composed of loose 

 pulverulent ash and fragments of scoriae, cinders and pumice of 

 every size, water would not rest upon the surface, especially 

 as the slopes are so highly inclined for the most part. In the wet 

 season the rain easily cuts down the loose materials of the sides 

 of the active crater. Thus I noticed in going to the edge sevei'al 



