BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS, F.G.S., &C. 701 



BiNiNTiANG Malaki. — This, as already stated, forms the north- 

 western prolongation or angle of the island. It is a small 

 mountain in the form of a truncate cone. It has been beyond all 

 doubt a true crater and point of ejection. Its slopes are highly 

 inclined, and end precipitously in the lake on the north and north- 

 east side in the deep waters of the lake. In order to ascend to 

 the summit, one must land at the bay Panipihan on the north side. 

 This gives an easy approach to the easterly slopes, which are 

 gradual and admit of easy ascent. The crater is formed of regular 

 strata of lapilli. At the base of the slope on the north side 

 there are certain traces of the former volcanic activity in the 

 form of small jets of gas which gush out below the water close to 

 the margin of the lake. These gas jets are of such a high 

 temperature that the water near them raised the mercury in my 

 thermometer to 130° of Fahrenheit. Sefior Centeno gives a 

 temperature of 75 Centigrade, but this I suppose would depend 

 upon the position of the thermometer with reference to the jet of 

 gas. The water near the jets was very pungent to the taste. 

 On the north side of the crater its height is about 500ft. above 

 the level of the lake. From the north to the soiith the margin 

 rises in the form of an amphitheatre to a height of about 850ft. 

 above the lake, and 350ft. above the plain. The crater is about 

 300 yards in diameter, and is covered with vegetation. At certain 

 seasons of the year a small portion of the base is cultivated, and 

 some of the more hardy descriptions of rice, or those which bear a 

 dry soil, are grown on the more level ground. The vegetation has 

 already been referred to. The grass most abundant was Imferata 

 arundinacea, the lalang or jungle grass of the whole of the Malay 

 Archipelago. There is a deep barranco cutting down the crater to 

 the edge of the plain, and serving to drain the water which falls 

 into it in the rainy season. There are no remains ol"' volcanic 

 activity in the bottom of the crater, but there is a crack on the 

 south-east edge of the summit, which emits abundance of white 

 vapour. From this point to the plain the soil is covered with a 

 thin white crust, under which the earth is black, and so hot that, 

 at a few inches beneath the surface, it rises to within a few degrees 

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