T42 ON THE VOLCANO OP TAAL, 



by the name of Galuneha to the natives of the Indian Peninsula, 

 who attribute to it many medicinal virtues. It does not appear to 

 be similarly appreciated in the Philippines, though it is by the 

 Malays. We have two species in North Australia nearly allied 



to the Asiatic one, but the leaves are rather differently shaped, and 

 the fruits much smaller. 



In the 'History of Drugs of Vegetable Origin,' by Messrs. 

 Fliickiger 'and Hanbury, there is an elaborate microscopic 

 •examination of this plant. 



9. Anamirta cocculus, Wight et Arnott. Balasin, Tagalo and 

 Visayan ; Andorualli, Bali Island. Furnishing the seeds known 

 as Cocculus indicus, used to give a stupefying influence to beer, and 

 for intoxicating fishes. The latter use is well-known among the 

 Malays. The poisonous principle is due to picrotoxine, and in the 

 pericarp is found the no less formidable alkaloid Menispermine. 

 I have met the species occasionally in the jungle through all the 

 Malayan and Philippine Archipelagos. 



10. CissAMPELOS PARAiRA, L. Sansao, Tagalo ; Sampapare, 

 Visayan; Aroai-A.stravulu, Java (Sundanese dialect). A very 

 wide-spread plant found in all tropical regions, named from the 

 •climbing character of ivy (Gr. Kiaaos), and the clustered fruit of 

 the vine (a^jreXos); called by the Portuguese Pareira-Brava. It is 

 doubtful whether this is not also an introduced plant. The Portu- 

 guese missionaries in the Brazils in the 17th century, were 

 acquainted with a root to which great medicinal virtues were 

 attributed, and which was naaied by the natives Abutua. It was 

 brought to Lisbon, and thence in 1688 to Paris by Michel Amelot, 

 ambassador of Louis XIV. Several plants of the same order 

 have been confused with this species, which is but little employed 

 now in medicine, though Sir Benjamin Brodie strongly recommends 

 its employment in inflammation of the bladder.* Its efficacy is 

 universally believed amongst the natives of the East. 



* London Medical Gazette, 16th Feb., 1S28. 



